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隧道湧水災害之水文地質調查及其防治處理措施

Hydrogeological Investigations of Water Inflow Hazard in Tunnelling and Its Treatment

摘要


隧道開挖施工過程所出現之湧水現象,常伴有頂拱塌陷、砂石隨水湧出、支撐變形、地表沈陷等現象,不僅影響工程開挖正常進行與增加支撐困難,而且需面對處理地下湧水所增加的額外經費,亦可能造成地表水源枯竭、環境污染與生態影響等問題。因此隧道施工前,一定要預先查明工作面前方有無突發性湧水的可能性,以便採取適當的預防措施。本文主要探討隧道地下水之探查技術、湧水災害介紹及其相關防治處理措施,首先將對隧道水文地質調查之內容、重點與方法作一簡單介紹,接著討論水文地質資料,評估隧道開挖之湧水量及湧水情況,進而針對隧道湧水量之預測方法與步驟進行整理,以期在隧道開挖過程中對不可避免之湧水問題能有事前之準備,並根據預估之湧水條件,對隧道開挖湧水提出防治處理措施,最後提供兩個國外成功之隧道湧水處理案例,作為處理隧道湧水段之施工參考。

並列摘要


The water inflow behavior in tunnelling will frequently induce tunnel hazards, such as crown collapse, debris and earth flow, deformation of supports, and surface subsidence. It becomes considerably important to investigate the ability of abrupt water inflow in front of working surface of tunnelling. This paper discusses the importance and method of the hydrogeological investigation of tunnels to estimate the volume and condition of water inflow. Two case studies of water inflow hazards will be illustrated to evaluate the failure reason, prevention and treatments. Hope it can be the construction reference of dealing with the water inflow in tunnelling.

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