Taiwan is located at the convergent boundary of Euroasian plate and the Philippine Sea plate. 70% of Taiwan area is mountainous. Various hazards are mainly caused by steep topography, complicated folding and faulting geology, heavy rainfalls and inappropriate development of slope.The feasibility of slope protection measures should consider inherent factors of site, especially geological factors and surrounding environments. It is expected that the geological investigation principles and methods described in this paper would be helpful for engineers in gaining the ability of protection method selection, design, construction and maintenance.