商輅與《續資治通鑑綱目》

提要自朱熹因司馬光《資治通鑑》而創編《資治通鑑綱目》，此後始有綱目體。繼之者有陳［均、陳桱及商輅諸家，而輅所修《續資治通鑑綱目》，起自宋太祖建隆元年（九六０），訖於元順帝至正二十八年（一三六八），述宋遼金元四朝史，為繼朱熹《綱目》而作。朱熹強調正統史觀，確定三國時代以蜀漢為正統，曹魏為漢賊。商輅除強調正統外，更重視夷夏觀念，遼金雖強，但為外夷，不能居正統，金雖據有中原，也不能取代南宋。元朝雖攻下臨安，宋德祐帝投降，但景炎、祥興二帝繼立抗元，宋的正統地位仍在。至二幼主相繼崩逝，元朝始為正統。元朝被明朝推翻，自明太祖即位改元洪武，元順帝雖仍在大都，但正統已屬明朝了。以合乎孔子《春秋》大義。

關鍵字

綱目體；正統史觀；夷夏；商輅；續資治通鑑綱目

並列摘要

Due to Sima Guang's ”Zizhi Tongjian”, Zhu Xi edited the ”Detailed Outline of Zizhi Tongjian”. The detailed outline style has since been available. The follow-up academics using the detailed outline style included Chen Jun, Chen Jing and Shang Lu, etc. The ”Detailed Outline of Continued Zizhi Tongjian” edited by Shang Lu was from Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty in the Jian Long 1st Year (960) until Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty in the Zhi Zheng 28th year (1368) covering history of four dynasties, Song, Liao, Jian and Yuan. It was edited to continue the ”detailed outline” edited by Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi's detailed outline put a stress on an orthodox historical view to confirm that, during the Three Kingdom Period, Shu Han was in the orthodox position while Cao Wei was the furtive enemy of the Han Dynasty. Other than emphasizing orthodoxy, Shang Lu also valued the Yi Xia conception, for which even though Liao and Jin States were strong, they were still foreign barbarians, so they were not in the position to be referred to as orthodoxy. Even though Jin State took up Central China, it could never replace the Southern Song Dynasty. On the other hand, although the Yuan Dynasty captured Lin An and Emperor Deyou of the Song Dynasty surrendered, Emperor Jingyan and Xiangxing succeeded the throne and continued to resist Yuan. At that time, the orthodox position of the Song Dynasty still existed. The Yuan Dynasty had not been regarded as orthodoxy until successive collapse and demise of the two young emperors of the Song Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Taizu ascended the throne and changed Yuan's name to Hong Wu. At that time, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty was still on the throne at Da Du, but the orthodoxy had already been transferred to the Ming Dynasty, so as to measure up to the major principles of Confucius' ”Spring and Autumn” annals.