操作反清：以《民報》中「呂留良案」論述為例

《民報》是清末批判滿清的重要革命刊物，內容之中充斥著許多強烈的民族、種族主義觀點，為求論述力道，諸作者經常藉由史例予以佐證；其中，對雍正朝所發生的重大政治案件－「呂留良案」，《民報》曾有多篇文論提及，足見此案在抗清反滿上可能存在的助益和效果。也緣於雍正皇帝處置「呂留良案」的戲劇性過程，令屍骨已寒的呂留良自此聲名大噪。又如雍正皇帝對該案所製作並頒行的自我辯白書－《大義覺迷錄》，不僅宣示夷人入主中國的正當性，更盈塞對呂留良的種種非議與攻擊，也使得呂留良成為清政府首要打擊的對象。不過到了清末的部分革命派人士，卻反而利用過去的官方態度，將呂留良形塑為抗清的指標性人物。故本文將以《民報》論述裡的「呂留良案」為例，不僅可以從中見諸「呂留良案」在清末期間如何受到反滿人士的巧妙運用，更得以一窺《民報》對於反清議題的技術操作。

關鍵字

民報；大義覺迷錄；呂留良案

並列摘要

Min Pao was an important revolutionist publication to criticize Qing Dynasty in late Qing. It showed some concepts such as strong nationalism, racism, and so on. To make their claim plainly, the authors often used historical events as evidences. Lü Liuliang case was a major political case happened in Youngzheng era among the events, it had also been mentioned for so many times in Min Pao that we could tell the case played a significant role in Anti-Manchu history. Because of the dramatic way Emperor Yongzheng coped with Lü Liuliang case, Lü Liuliang became well-known even if he had been dead for a while. Emperor Yongzhen published a self-defend book, Awakening from Delusion (Dayi juemi lu), not only to declare the legitimacy of foreign regime in China but also to overflow with criticisms and attacks on Lü Liuliang, and furthermore saw Lü Liuliang as the main target of Qing Government's attack. Instead of the government's attitude, the late-Qing revolutionists for example to discuss how well it was manipulated by Anti-Manchu revolutionists in late Qing and sees how revolutionists manipulated Anti-Qing issues by Min Pao.