A New Approach to Enigmas from Medieval Hakata: Trade Ceramics as Seen from Archaeological Data

解開中世紀博多遺跡之謎：考古資料所見的貿易陶瓷

森本朝子(Asako Morimoto)

《國立臺灣大學美術史研究集刊》 7期 (1999/09) Pp. 89-114+214

https://doi.org/10.6541/TJAH.1999.09.07.05

摘要

作為一處通商港口，中世紀的博多曾為亞洲大陸物質文化傳入日本的主要管道。近二十年博多遺跡已進行百餘處的考古發掘。本文作者指出，隨著近年博多遺跡北方海灣附近的新考古發現，遂改變了以往研究者對該地十四世紀之後貿易陶瓷使用稀少的印象。就這些發掘所顯示，十四世紀中葉無疑是博多城進口貿易陶瓷方面的重要時期。在為數可觀的出土遺跡當中，炊器和盛貯器兩類器物皆是由當地所生產的瓷器所獨佔，不僅顯示了城居生活的持續發展，亦暗示了地方戰亂的影響。雖然遺跡中發掘的亞洲進口瓷器有減少的趨勢，但是中國白瓷以及青瓷碗盤數量卻仍可觀。綜合所出土的貿易陶瓷，相對於進口的中國瓷數量減少，韓國陶瓷進口量則明顯增多。作者最後對博多遺跡新發現所旁涉的若干議題，如中世紀日本陶瓷的使用以及生產所受韓國影響等課題，提出新的見解。

關鍵字

博多遺跡 ； 通商港口 ； 中國陶瓷之減少 ； 韓國陶瓷之增多 ； 茶道

並列摘要

During the Middle Ages, Hakata was the main Japanese gateway for Asian continental culture. A port town successively settled on three dunes, medieval Hakata has been studied for some twenty years through more than 100 excavations. In this article, the author points out how new discoveries from archaeological finds extending northwards towards the bay oblige specialists to reevaluate the general picture of trade ceramics in medieval Hakata. Most notably, the previous opinion that the Hakata site produced few finds of imported ceramics after the 14th century, is compelled to be amended.The mid-14th century was without doubt an important period for trade ceramics in Hakata. Continuity in urban activity, as well as major influence from local warfare, are illustrated by a considerable number of finds that almost exclusively feature local wares in the category of cooking and storing utensils. Although the amount of Asian continental pieces discovered decreases during this period, Chinese white wares and celadon bowls and dishes still appear in important numbers. Against this background of decreasing Chinese imports, we may readily understand the presence of an increase in Korean imports.In conclusion, the author discusses topics such as the origin of major Korean influence on the use and production of Japanese ceramics, in the light of material unearthed in medieval Hakata.

並列關鍵字

Hakata ； port town ； decreasing Chinese wares ； increasing Korean wares ； tea ceremony

參考文獻

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池崎?二(1984)。博多出土陶磁器?組成????=Hakatashutudo Tojikino Sosei Nitsuite=Assemblage of Ceramics from Hakata.。貿易陶磁研究。4，17-24。

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