《宣和博古圖》的「間接」流傳－以元代賽因赤答忽墓出土的陶器與《紹熙州縣釋奠儀圖》為例

The "Indirect" Transmission of the Hsüan-ho po-ku-t'u-Earthenware from the Tomb of Sai-yin Ch'ih-ta-hu and the Shao-hsi chou-hsien shih-tien i-t'u

許雅惠(Ya-Hwei Hsu)

《國立臺灣大學美術史研究集刊》 14期 (2003/03) Pp. 1-26+243

https://doi.org/10.6541/TJAH.2003.03.14.01

摘要

在出土仿古祭器的元代墓葬中，河南洛陽的賽因赤答忽墓可說是到目前為止數量最多，類型最豐富的墓葬。對於該墓出土的仿銅陶祭器學界多直接歸因於《宣和博古圖》的影響。然而，該書為北宋徽宗所飭編的金石學鉅作，對於考訂古器物雖著力甚多，但很難想像地方的祭祀禮器是直接參考卷帙龐大的《博古圖》。加上墓葬出土的陶祭器與《博古圖》的繪圖之間仍存在一定距離，因此推測，在《博古圖》與地方祭器之間，應該有一個中間的轉介。經過史料的爬梳，朱熹根據《博古圖》所編的《紹熙州縣釋奠儀圖》一書，在祭器的組合與樣式上，均較《博古圖》更接近於考古出土的元代地方祭器。而且元代的儒者在鑄造地方官學祭器時，也屢屢徵引朱文公的禮圖，推測即《紹熙州縣釋奠儀圖》。可見《博古圖》一書，除了直接鏤版印行，成為金石古玩製作參考書籍；藉由禮圖的轉化，也間接對民間祭器的製作產生了影響。

關鍵字

祭器 ； 賽因赤答忽墓 ； 三禮圖 ； 宣和博古圖 ； 紹熙州縣釋奠儀圖

並列摘要

Of the archaistic ritual vessels excavated from Yüan tombs, those recovered from the tomb of Sai-yin Ch'ih-ta-hu at Loyang, Honan, represent, in both number and diversity, the most significant discovery to date. The scholarly community has categorized these earthenwares, crafted in imitation of ancient bronze ritual vessels, as the result of direct influence from the Hsüan-ho po-ku-t'u. While this major epigraphic catalogue, produced by the late Northern Sung court of Hui-tsung, is certainly of great benefit to the identification of ancient vessels, it is difficult to believe that local ritual objects were directly copied from the illustrations of this massive text. Moreover, there are clear differences between the tomb's vessels and those illustrated in the Po-ku-t'u. Therefore, it seems likely that an intermediary existed between local ritual objects and the Po-ku-t'u. Close scrutiny of surviving historical texts shows that the ritual items illustrated in the Shao-hsi chou-hsien shih-tien i-t'u, edited by Chu-hsi on the basis of the Po-ku-t'u, are both typologically and formally closer (than those of the Po-ku-t'u) to the ritual vessels recovered from Yüan archeological sites. There is also evidence that local officials of the Yüan dynasty, in casting ritual vessels, used Chu His's ritual illustrations as models. The combination of vessel types found in the tomb of Sai-yin Ch'ih-ta-hu closely matches that of the illustrations featured in the Shao-hsi chou-hsien shih-tien i-t'u. Thus, it is clear that the Po-ku-t'u, in addition to being reprinted and used by epigraphers and collectors as a direct model for archaistic copies of ancient vessels, also exerted an indirect influence, via ritual illustrations, on the production of ritual vessels for use by popular, non-elite segments of society.

並列關鍵字

Ritual objects ； Tomb of Sai-yin Ch'ih-ta-hu ； San-li-t'u ； Hsüan-ho poku-t'u ； Shao-hsi chou-hsien shih-tien i-t'u

參考文獻

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Poor, Robert(1965).Notes on the Sung Dynasty Archaeological Catalogs.Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America.19,33-44.

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