《佛國禪師文殊指南圖讚》與視覺敘事探析

《佛國禪師文殊指南圖讚》是據《華嚴經》將善財童子尋訪善知識之經歷，以圖繪與讚文並呈手法表現參詣善知識的佛教圖籍。讚文作者惟白曾受宋徽宗賜號佛國禪師，書前有張商英（1043－1121）序文，現存南宋賈官人宅刻本。目前研究多著重內容解讀或者版本探討，本文採「視覺語彙」為研究取徑，檢視畫中母題的形式與意義之間的作用，藉以整合圖文二元的互動成果，將此書視為宋代禪門視覺文化之觀察素材，並提出其所展現的視覺敘事成就。文中將從物質性與視覺性兩大方面，檢視《佛國禪師文殊指南圖讚》的圖籍形式與效果，並從構圖、視覺語彙乃至視覺敘事成效，說明其圖繪、惟白讚文及《華嚴經》經文相輔相成，聚焦在考察圖文並呈的圖籍之作用。經此個案，可見宋代禪門對此類圖籍的運用值得重視，也能提供宗教美術有別於儀式作品的不同研究視野。

關鍵字

善財童子；《華嚴經》入法界品圖繪；視覺語彙；圖文敘事；宋代禪宗美術

並列摘要

Chan Master Foguo's Illustrated Verses of Praise on the Teaching of Mañjuśrī is based on the quest of Sudhana in search of wise advisers found in the Avatamsaka Sutra, this Buddhist text utilizing the technique of texts accompanied by images to tell the story of a pilgrimage seeking wise advisers. The author of these verses of praise is the monk Weibai, who was bestowed with the sobriquet Foguo Chanshi ("Chan Master Foguo") by the Northern Song emperor Huizong, and the book with a preface by Zhang Shangying (1043-1121) survives as an imprint made at the residence of an official surnamed Jia. Much of the current research on this book focuses on interpreting its contents and examining its version history, but the present study instead employs the study approach of "visual language" to examine the formal qualities of the motifs in the images and the function of their meaning. Through the interactive result of integrating the two elements of text and image, this book can be seen as material for observing Chan Buddhist visual culture in the Song dynasty and as providing an achievement in the visual narrative that it demonstrates. The present study examines the book format and effect of Chan Master Foguo's Illustrated Verses of Praise on the Teaching of Mañjuśrī from the aspects of materiality and visuality. Then, from the compositions, visual language, and even the effect of visual narrative, it analyzes how the images, Weibai's verses of praise, and text of the Avatamsaka Sutra complement each other, focusing on an examination of the intended function of the arrangement of texts and images. Thus, through this case study, it can be shown that Chan Buddhism in the Song dynasty saw the use of this type of illustrated book format as worthy of attention, also offering religious art an alternative research outlook from that of ceremonial works.

並列關鍵字

Sudhana ； illustrations of the Avatamsaka Sutra ； pictorial narrative ； visual language ； Song dynasty Chan Buddhist art

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