台灣兒少空氣污染治理之系統性政策回顧：兒童權利公約之觀點

目標：過去研究顯示，相較於成人，兒童對空氣污染之脆弱性較高。《兒童權利公約施行法》規範國家應於該法實施五年內完成兒少相關法規之修法改善，因此，本文分析我國兒少空氣污染治理法規與修法內容，與其考量兒少脆弱性之程度。方法：本文採用系統性政策回顧，納入兒少空污和環境健康相關之12項法規，分析2014年11月至2021年11月間之最新法規與修法內容。結果：本研究發現主管之法規，分屬於不同部會，顯示此議題需要跨部會合作，但法規未將重要相關部會納入事務機關。目前政策具校園空品惡化之因應措施，但缺乏校園之室內空品監測、軟硬體等制度性改善和相關預算之條文。過去幾年相關之主要修法，為空品不佳時，停止學生戶外體育課程。結論：我國兒少空污治理法規，目前著重個人層次之因應行為，為維護兒少之健康權、生存和發展權，本文建議政府強化跨部會法規合作，考量兒童之脆弱性，提供系統性支持和預算的法源。

關鍵字

兒童權利公約；空氣污染；系統性政策回顧；兒童健康；脆弱性

並列摘要

Objectives: Children are vulnerable to air pollution. The Implementation Act of the Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that revisions of child-related policies should be completed within 5 years after this Implementation Act comes into effect. This study analyzed the latest policies relating to air pollution governance for children, the revisions, and the extent to which these policies are designed with the vulnerability of children in mind. Methods: This systematic policy review analyzed 12 policies relating to air pollution and environmental governance for children. Policies and revision documents published between November 2014 and November 2021 were analyzed. Results: The policies included in this study were managed by different ministries, suggesting that air pollution governance for children requires cross-ministerial collaboration. However, the policies did not involve key ministries to collaborate in managing this issue. In response to the deterioration of air quality on campuses, current policies have focused mainly on coping behaviors with poor air quality rather than the budgets and support for improving air quality. The policy revision involved banning students from outdoor sports during periods of poor air quality. Conclusions: Current air pollution governance policies for children mainly involve individual-level changes in behavior. To protect the health and development of children, the government should strengthen cross-ministerial collaboration, account for the needs of children, and provide systematic and financial support.

並列關鍵字

UNCRC ； air pollution ； systematic policy review ； child health ； vulnerability

參考文獻

鍾慧穎、謝佳容、曾俊傑、尹立銘：室外空氣污染物與學齡前兒童首發氣喘之關聯，2007-2011年。台灣衛誌 2016；35：199-208。doi:10.6288/TJPH201635104038。 Chung HY, Chung HY, Tseng CC, YiIn LM Associations between outdoor air pollutants and first occurrence of asthma in pre-school children, 2007-2011. Taiwan J Public Health 2016;35:199-208. doi:10.6288/TJPH201635104038 [In Chinese: English abstract]

劉錦龍：空氣污染防制政策對新生兒健康影響評估。經濟論文叢刊 2007；35：477-511。doi:10.6277/ter.2007.354.4。 Liu JL. The impact of air pollution regulations on infant health: evidence from the 1992 Clean Air Act Amendments in Taiwan. Taiwan Econ Rev 2007;35:477-511. doi:10.6277/ter.2007.354.4 [In Chinese: English abstract]

張弘潔：兒童公共衛生的新目標：將兒童納入所有政策。台灣衛誌 2022；41：4-6。doi:10.6288/TJPH.202202_41(1).111006。 Chang HC. The new goals of child public health: children in all policies. Taiwan J Public Health 2022;41:4-6. doi:10.6288/TJPH.202202_41(1).111006 [In Chinese]

林宜平：死了幾位電子廠女工之後：有機溶劑的健康風險爭議。科技醫療與社會 2011；(12)：61-112。doi:10.6464/TJSSTM.201104.0061。 Lin YP. After the death of some electronic workers: the health risk controversies of organic solvents. Taiwanese J Stud Sci Tech Med 2011;(12):61-112. doi:10.6464/TJSSTM.201104.0061 [In Chinese: English abstract]

姚澤銘、張弘潔：台灣與南韓校園空氣污染防制政策之比較研究。台灣衛誌 2021；40：494-505。doi:10.6288/TJPH.202110_40(5).110085。 Yao ZM, Chang HC. Comparison of campus air pollution control policy between Taiwan and South Korea. Taiwan J Public Health 2021;40:494-505. doi: 10.6288/TJPH.202110_40(5).110085 [In Chinese: English abstract]

主題瀏覽