台灣中小企業跨組織資訊系統採用困難的探討：概念性分析

本論文之主要目的是以社會鑲嵌觀點的角度，來探討和分析台灣中小企業跨組織資訊系統採用困難的原因。全文主要分為三個部份，第一部份首先說明跨組織資訊系統採用的「經濟理性」，並回顧跨組織資訊系統採用的困難原因。第二部份，本論文以社會鑲嵌觀點，提出了台灣中小企業跨組織合作行為的運作架構，將中小企業跨組織合作行為，分成「社會關係」與「經濟活動」兩個部份。同時討論：跨組織合作行為中「社會關係」的重要性，以及受「社會關係」影響下，生產、交易、與資源取得等三種「經濟活動」的內涵。第三部份，則深入分析跨組織資訊系統與台灣中小企業跨組織合作行為之間的差異，並從中說明台灣中小企業在跨組織資訊系統採用上的困難，乃是制度與關係，兩種異質經濟活動運作法則之間的衝突所導致。

關鍵字

社會鑲嵌；跨組織資訊系統；制度；關係；中小企業

並列摘要

In this paper, we try to analyze the adoption difficulties of inter-organizational information systems (IOS) at small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan from social embeddedness perspective. First, we illustrate the economic rationality of IOS adoption, and summarize the difficult factors of IOS adoption, which were indicated by previous studies. Secondly, based on social embeddedness perspective, we propose a framework of inter-organizational collaboration for Taiwan's SMEs. This framework explains that the nature of inter-organizational collaboration can be divided into social relationships and economic activities. For Taiwan's SME, social relationships are the foundation to induce the inter-organizational collaboration. The economic activities including productions, transactions and resources obtainment in Taiwan's SMEs are primarily affected by social relationships which are maintained through interpersonal interactions between entrepreneurs. Finally, we highlight that the conflict between ”institution” and ”relationship” is a serious challenge for IOS adoption at SMEs in Taiwan. Important implications are provided to enhance the understanding of IOS adoption and inter-organizational collaboration in Taiwan's SMEs.