創建美國史學：美國史學的分期與近代美國專業史學的興起

Inventing American History: The Periodization of the American History and the Rise of the American Professional History in the Modern Age

張弘毅(Hung-Yi Chang)

《輔仁歷史學報》 13期 (2002/06) Pp. 249-283

摘要

本文主要藉創建(inventing)及主體性(subjectivity)等概念，試圖描述美國史學的發展，重點有三：第一，美國史學的分期及各時期的特色－包括十七世紀的清教徒史學(Puritan History)、十八世紀初期至十九世紀晚期的紳商貴族史學(Patrician History)，及1870年代至今的專業史學(Professional History)。第二，分析美國史學專業化的歷程，指出1870's-1880's及1890's-1900's這兩個歷史轉折時期的意義，第三，介紹美國「早期專業史家中的科學派」(the early professional historian the scientific school)，即「科學派史家」(the Scientific Historian)的形塑。

關鍵字

美國 ； 創建 ； 主體性 ； 專業史學

並列摘要

This essay will try to describe the development of the American history through the concepts of ”inventing” and ”subjectivity” as follow: A)the periodization of the American history and the character of each period in the American history-the Seventeenth century Puritan History、the early Eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century Patrician History, and the 1870's to the present Professional History. B) the process of the professionalization in the American history, and the significance of the two historical turning-point, l870's-1880's and 1890's-1900's. C)the formation of the early professional historian the scientific school (the Scientific Historian).

並列關鍵字

America ； inventing ； subjectivity ； professional history