資本主義文化的理路

The Logic of Capitalistic Culture

林立樹(Li-Shu Lin)

《輔仁歷史學報》 20期 (2007/12) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.29439/FJHJ.200712.0001

摘要

資本主義是西方文化的深層結構，”Kapitalist”一詞首見於1848年馬克思與恩格斯發表的共產主義宣言中。1902年德國經濟學家維納•宋巴特(Werner Sombart)將「資本主義」一詞用於敘述某種生產制度。馬克思•韋伯(Max Weber)在1904年出版的《新教倫理與資本主義精神》也採用此一詞彙，以喀爾文新教精神為起點，賦予資本主義發展合理化的解釋。泰勒(Frederick W. Taylor)更進一步提倡科學管理，強調生產效率，為資本主義提供專業管理的運作模式，使資本主義大行其道。
資本主義的文化著重生產與消費兩種面向，隨著時代進步，生產已不再是問題，消費的重要性遠超越於生產，如何刺激大眾消費，形成資本主義文化的內涵。資本主義的理論為「體」，發展與影響為「用」，本文嘗試依循歷史途徑，由西方社會中資本主義的形成到影響全球的文化意識，從而在資本主義文化影響下，尋求因應之道。

關鍵字

資本主義 ； 市場經濟 ； 生產 ； 消費 ； 大眾文化

並列摘要

Capitalism is the deep structure of western culture. The term ”Kapitalist” was first used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in Manifesto of the Communist Party in 1848. In 1902, German economist Werner Sombart employed the term 'capitalism' to describe certain production system. Max Weber in his The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, first published in 1904, also used the term and provided a reasonable justification for the development of capitalism by tracing its origins back to the Calvinist spirit. Through his advocacy of scientific management and efficiency of production, Frederick W. Taylor further provided a working model for professional management which let to the predominance of capitalism.
Production and consumption are two important dimensions emphasized in capitalistic culture. With the progress of time, production is no longer a problem and the importance of consumption far outweighs that of production. The question of how to stimulate mass consumption becomes the essence of capitalistic culture. The article traces the development of capitalism from its formation in western society to its global predominance in the contemporary world. It aims to find a way to adapt to the widespread influence of capitalist culture.

並列關鍵字

Capitalism ； market economy ； production ； consumption ； mass culture

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