明儒李邦華的治世與殉國

The Career and Martyrdom of Li Pang-hua as a Neo-Confucian Official in Late Ming Dynasty

吳振漢(Chen-Han Wu)

《輔仁歷史學報》 28期 (2012/03) Pp. 71-103

https://doi.org/10.29439/FJHJ.201203.0003

摘要

李邦華（1574-1644）係明代王陽明學派江右支脈羅洪先（1504-1564）系統的嫡傳弟子。洪先傳胡直（1517-1582），直再傳鄒元標（1551-1624），元標三傳至邦華，學脈分明，傳承清晰。該系學者素重學行合一，學術上宣揚的道德理念，必落實於日常言行舉止，因此他們為官治世均能堅持理想，大節不苟，直可視為明末王學中的一股清流。李邦華刻苦勤學，縣學生員時便追隨鄒元標兼治理學，砥礪德行。萬曆32年（1604），邦華中進士，筮令涇縣，政績卓異，行取為御史，旋巡按浙江，築塘備倭勞績甚著，卻因敢言被視為東林黨徒，而外轉地方屬員。天啟初以知兵巡撫天津，表現卓越，升兵部侍郎，復罹「璫禍」遭削奪。思宗即位，起為兵部尚書，又以清劾京營得罪勳貴，裭職閒住。崇禎末再起任左都御史，逢「甲申之變」殉國。邦華仕宦四十年間，清廉剛正，無負師門傳承。所不同者，他適逢明末亂世，亦展現出優越治事長才，知縣、巡按、巡撫任內，乃至擔任兵部、都察院首長時期，均施政明快、事功彪炳，體現該學脈所少見的務實面向。尤其值國難之際，他效法鄉賢文天祥（1236-1283），以死明志，更是師門傳統和畢生學力最光輝之呈現。透過對邦華的研究，可讓我們更深入瞭解明儒的行事風格和精神內涵。

關鍵字

明儒 ； 李邦華 ； 王學 ； 江右學派 ； 殉國

並列摘要

Li Pang-hua 李邦華 (1574-1644), anteceded by Lo Hung-hsien 羅洪先 (1504-1564), Hu Chih 胡直 (1517-1582), Chou Yuan-piao 鄒元標 (1551-1624), branched from the Chiang-his Sect 江右支派 of the Wang Shou-jen 王守仁 (1472-1528) School 陽明學派. This sub-sect emphasized on the embodiment of Confucian ethics, The scholars, from Lo to Li, firmly applied the Neo-Confucian ideals and teachings to both their everyday lives and political careers, and their outstanding performances and integrity earned the reputation as incorrupt scholars in the Wang Shou-jen School during late Ming times.Li pang-hua, a diligent student in the County Acdemy, followed Chou Yuan-biao privately to pursuit Neo-Confucian as well as moral cultivations. In1604 A.D.,Li passed the Highest-level Civil Service Examination and was appointed as a magistrate from which he was promoted subsequently through Commissioner of Surveillance, Governor, Minister of Military﹐to General director of Surveillance at the end of the Ming Dynasty. During the forty years of political career, Li, unlike his preceding masters who had little chances to practice their learnings upon serving the country and people, not only testified that he was a capable administrator, but also embodied the Neo-Confucian values, especially the loyalty for which he died at the fall of the empire capital. By Studying the case of Li Pang-hua, this article intends to provide an insight into the spiritual contents of the Confucian scholar in Late Ming times.

並列關鍵字

Confucian scholors in Ming times ； Li Pang-hua ； Wang Shou-jen School ； Chiang-his Sect ； Martyrdom

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