北美洲學界對中國清朝邊疆史解釋模式的研究

Perspectives in North American Research on China's Qing Frontiers

米丹尼(Daniel McMahon)

《輔仁歷史學報》 34期 (2015/03) Pp. 1-44

摘要

本文探討北美洲學者於過去50年對中國清朝（1644-1911）邊疆歷史研究的觀點，目標為概述一般常見解釋模式，而不是將全面的學術領域發展進行徹底的討論。北美洲學者對中國邊疆歷史的研究看法不但受到了美國西部邊境開發模型的影響，而且受到了後來學術對本模型之反應並創新的影響。這個美國歷史的概念被調整了為適應大清帝國特殊情況，尤其是當代的地理邊界、領土擴張、人口增長和人口流動。由北美洲學者的相關學術著作來看，他們採用了不同解釋模式。本文討論四種常見分析的觀點和方法：區域系統分析、殖民主義（包括殖民地再現）、「新西部歷史」、以及區域比較。

關鍵字

中國 ； 清朝 ； 邊疆 ； 北美洲研究 ； 史學

並列摘要

The following literature review traces North American research on China's Qing dynasty (1644-1911) frontiers, focusing on the manner that these border regions have been conceived and explained over the past half century. This aims to be an over view of commonly-encountered perspectives rather than a comprehensive discussion of the development of this subfield of Qing studies. The essay suggests that recent generations of research on Chinese frontiers have been influenced by a basic model of American frontier settlement, as well as by reactions to, and innovations upon, this model. This approach has been adapted to fit China's Qing Empire, particularly historical conditions such as physiographic boundaries, territorial expansion, population growth, and population movement. More specific interpretative models vary, of which four important approaches will be discussed here: regional systems analysis, colonialism (including colonial representation), New Western History, and comparative regional study.

並列關鍵字

China ； Qing dynasty ； frontiers ； North American historiography

參考文獻

Adas, Micheal(1998).Imperialism and Colonialism in Comparative Perspective.The International History Review.20(2),371-88.

Antony, Robert J.(ed.),Leonard, Jane Kate(ed.)(2002).Dragons, Tigers, and Dogs: Qing Crisis Management and the Boundaries of State Power in Late Imperial China.Ithaca:Cornell East Asia Series.

Bolaffi, Guido(ed.)(2003).Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture.London:Sage.

Cohn, Bernard S.(1996).Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India.Princeton:Princeton University Press.

Dai, Yingcong(2009).The Sichuan Frontier: Imperial Strategy in the Early Qing.Seattle:University of Washington Press.