戰後寮國政局與華僑學校的興衰（1945～1975）

寮國是中南半島（印支半島）唯一的內陸國家，是東南亞各國華人移民最少的地區，在1930年代才開始有現代的華僑學校，但在幾個華人聚集地區發展出5所學校，其中萬象（永珍）寮都公學（1937）、百細華僑公學（1933），以及戰後龍坡邦中正學校（1945）都有不錯的辦學規模。在1960年代曾發展到高峰，學生人數多達數千人。直到1975年的政變，華僑學校全面關閉。寮國的華僑移民雖然以潮州幫最大，客幫次之，但各幫常合作辦學，所以用國語為教學語言。二戰前後，寮國的政治發展和獨立的過程，如伊莎拉運動和巴特寮的建立和越南脫離法國殖民的獨立運動息息相關。獨立後的寮國，內部紛擾不斷，外交在大國中尋求生存之道，和中共越共與美國臺灣都保持一定的關係，雙方也都採取了一些隱蔽的行動。寮國在建立民族國家和發展民族經濟的過程中，也推出了一些排華政策，但基本上手段平和。華僑學校在寮國政治發展中的起伏，是寮國華人史的一個縮影。

關鍵字

伊莎拉運動；巴特寮；寮都公學；百細華僑公學

並列摘要

Lao was the only inland country in Indochina Peninsula, with the least immigrants in the Southeast Asia. In the 1930s, five Chinese schools were build up in some enclaves, including Liaodu Chinese School (1937)(寮都公學) and Pakse Chinese School (1933)(百細華僑公學). In the 1960s Chinese school had developed to the peak, more than one thousand students were enrolled in. Until the coup d'etat in 1975, those schools were on the right way. The largest Chinese immigrants group are from Chaozhou (潮州), Hakka (客家) is the second, but each often cooperate, teaching Manderin Chinese as a consensus. In the 1940s, Lao political development were follow Vietnamese step such as the establishment of Isala and Pathelao. Lao diplomacy trying to keep neutral for the way to survive, between the major powers after its independence. Both Communism China and United States, also took some undercover action. In the process of establishing ethnic economic and nation state, Lao also introduced some chinese exclusion act, but basically by peaceful means. The fall and rise of the Chinese school in the Lao political development are a miniature of the history of Chinese immigrant.