泰州學派的轉折：王一庵的誠意思想及其意義

Wang Yian of Taizhou: Idea of Sincerity and Willpower

侯潔之(Hou Chieh-Chih)

《輔仁國文學報》 43期 (2016/10) Pp. 65-96

摘要

王陽明心學過渡到清初理學之銜接軌道實有多端，其中，誠意慎獨之說早在劉念臺之前，已在泰州王一庵處有突破性的發展。王一庵的主意說由其自家體驗而得，他改變了王學意為心之所發的說法，以意為心之主宰，於主意致思路徑的發展具創闢之功。本文旨在開掘「意」於王一庵處所顯發的泰州學派義理轉折。内容方面，主要從三方面探究：其一，就王一庵對泰州學派「恣肆猖狂」、「虛空冒認良知」等流弊的救正，抽繹主意說的思想緣起；其二，就意為心之主宰、獨即意之別名、意近於志等三個層面，闡明「意」於一庵學中的意義與定位；其三，就動念前施以誠意慎獨之功，論一庵主意說在工夫層面上的鋪設。文末則就「意」在義理地位上的提升，總結一庵對於「意」的新詮在泰州學派發展上的轉折，以見誠意思想所呈顯的不同義理風貌。

關鍵字

王棟 ； 王一庵 ； 秦州學派 ； 主意 ； 誠意

並列摘要

The connection of Wang Yangming's idea of innate knowing to the Neo-Confucianism varied while his theory was transferring into Qing dynasty from Ming dynasty. However, Wang Yangming's sincerity and cautiousness theory had reached a break-through by Wang Yian of Taizhou before Liu Niantai. Wang Yian's ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂ theory came from his own experience. It changed Wang Yangming's theory on the heart is the origin of the mind. Wang Yian's theory argues that sincerity and willpower governs the heart and it can lead to pioneering thinking of the mind. This article aims to explore Wang Yian's theory of ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂ and the turning point of Wang Yangming's theory. The study is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the origin of Wang Yian's concept and his corrections on Wang Yangming's ＂unrestrained fury＂ and ＂void as conscience＂ mistakes. In the second section, we clarify the definition of ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂ on three aspects: ＂sincerity and willpower governs the heart＂, ＂independence is sincerity and willpower＂, and ＂intention is similar to behavior＂. Lastly, in section three, we discuss how to exercise sincerity and cautiousness and the practice of ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂ theory. At the end of this article, we describe the rise of status in philosophical connotations of ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂, summarize the turning point of Wang Yangming Theory caused by ＂Sincerity and Willpower＂ theory and the history of the theory from Ming dynasty to Qing dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Wang Dong ； Wang Yian ； Taizhou School ； conception ； sincerity

參考文獻

宋朱熹(1999)。四書章句集注。臺北:大安出版社。

明王守仁、吳光編校、錢明編校、董平編校、姚延福編校(1997)。王陽明全集。上海:上海古籍出版社。

明王艮(1987)。王心齋全集。臺北:廣文書局。

(1995)。四庫全書存目叢書。臺南:莊嚴文化。

明范淶修、明章潢纂(2008)。新修南昌府志。重慶:西南師範大學出版社。