Intoxication of Hydrocarbons

碳氫化合物存在於許多工業產物，在日常生活及工作環境中到處可見，所以我們對碳氫化合物之毒性及治療須有透徹的認識。碳氫化合物可分為四大類：鹵素族碳氫化合物、芳香族碳氫化合物、脂肪族碳氫化合物及石油蒸餾物。其中以石油蒸餾物經由呼吸道吸入造成中毒為最常見，可造成嚴重之吸入性肺炎。若服食大量之石油蒸餾物可造成多處器官(中樞神經系統、心臟血管系統和腸胃道系統等)衰竭。苯主要經由呼吸道吸入而造成毒性，急性中毒主要侵犯中樞神經系統，長期暴露會造成血液系統異常。四氯化碳可經由腸胃道和呼吸道吸收引起中毒，急性症狀主要為抑制中樞神經系統、肝及腎功能異常，長期暴露會造成肝硬化、其亦可能為一致癌因子。碳氫化合物中毒沒有解毒劑，治療主要為支持療法，胃灌洗術需視狀況而定。預防勝於治療，最有效防止碳氫化合物中毒發生為做好職業安全衛生、產品標識、宣導教育等預防措施。

關鍵字

碳氫化合物；中毒；職業傷害

並列摘要

Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous products in our environment. We always encounter and use hydrocarbons in our place of work and household. But we should be careful in using those products. Hydrocarbons can pose immediate and long-term effects to our health. Hydrocarbons can be broadly classified into halogenated, aromatic, aliphatic hydrocarbons and petroleum distillates. Petroleum distillates are the most common type of hydrocarbons exposure. Its primary danger is the development of aspiration pneumonia. When ingested during large intentional dose, multiorgan failure including the CNS, GI tract and CV system are seen. Benzene is the prototype of aromatic hydrocarbons. The primary route of exposure is through inhalation. The acute effects of benzene intoxication in the CNS including euphoria, headache, staggering gait, stupor and coma. The chronic effects of benzene are hematological disorders. It may cause pancytopenia and leukemia. Carbon tetrachloride is a representative of halogenated hydrocarbons. It is well absocbed by the respiratory and GI tract. Acute exposure causes CNS depression, followed by hepatic and renal dysfunction. Chronic exposure of carbon tertrachloride has been associated with liver cirrhosis and it also a potential carcinogen. The management of hydrocarbons poisoning is supportive, gastric emptying should not be done routinely because of the danger of aspiration. Prevention is the most effective treatment.

並列關鍵字

Hydrocarbons ； poisoning ； occupational hazards

國際替代計量

Intoxication of Hydrocarbons

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