耳塞及耳罩對聽力防護效果的調查研究

Investigation of Difference in Efficiency of Earmuffs and Earplugs From Shooters Exposure to Gunfire Noise

林聖雄(S. H. Lin) ； 陳永煌(Y. H. Chen) ； 劉紹興(S. H. Liou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 5卷3期 (1998/07) Pp. 187-201

摘要

噪音會造成聽力的損失，因此，對暴露在噪音環境之下的人員，必須提供耳塞或耳罩等防護具，以保護聽力的健康。根據測試，耳罩可以比耳塞衰減掉的音量，但實際上，受到耳罩保護的人聽力不比戴耳塞的人好，也就是說實際上的防護效果，可能耳塞較好，完全視佩戴防護具的方法與時機正確於否。本研究的目的，即以測量使用不同的防護具人員的聽力，來比較使用不同防護具後的防護效果。
研究對象為某靶場的受訓學員161人，研究到最後僅有61人為合格對象，其中分配到耳塞組有30人、耳塞加耳罩組有5人，無防護組有26人，研究過程中使用純音聽力計共測量三次聽力。
結果發現，從開始受訓到結訓，不論那一組，三次的聽力檢查結果，都沒有顯示聽力發生障礙。但打靶後的聽力，較打靶前為差；無防護組的聽力也有較有防護的二組為差。故射擊時，應配戴適當的防護具，以維護聽力的健康。

並列摘要

People exposure to noise environment is a cause of hearing loss. It is good for hearing health to use hearing protectios. The aim of the study was to understand the efficiency of hearing protectios. The conscripts were assigned to earplugs (30 persons)and earplugs combined with earmuff groups (5 persons), the other participated conscripts did not use any ear protectors(26 persons). The audiometric survey combined with questionnaires was conducted twice by the subjects. Among the subjects, hearing handicap was not found, The hearing threshold of subjects with protectors were lower than those without using ear protectors. There is no difference on hearing threshold between the two groups of protectors. According to the study results, it is efficacious for protection of hearing loss by using earplugs and earplugs combined with earmuff. The simplest and cheapest way is earplugs.