摘要
類鼻疽是由類鼻疽伯克氏菌所造成的臨床感染症，屬革蘭氏陰性桿菌。近來有些文獻已將類鼻疽定位是台灣本土之感染症，但實際的類鼻疽發生率不易統計。類鼻疽目前是公共衛生學上重要之課題，因其宿主本身大多是糖尿病及自體免疫不全之病患有關。其病原侵入人體，主要由皮膚傷口接觸到受病原菌污染的土壤或水或直接吸入受污染的塵土。類鼻疽的最主要特徵為造成器官組織的膿瘍，尤其是在肺、肝、脾、腎、腦、骨骼肌及攝謢腺等器官。詢問病患有關在類鼻疽流行地區的旅遊史及職業暴露史有助於早期診斷此感染症。類鼻疽的確診須從細菌培養中分離出類鼻疽伯克氏菌。目前重度類鼻疽敗血症的治療，首選的抗生素為ceftazidime。持續性之抗生素治療建議合併兩種以上口服抗生素，包含chloramphenicol，doxycycline，TMP-SMX或amoxicillin/ clavulanate（在兒童及孕婦身上）。類鼻疽預防之道在於流行區內若皮膚有撕裂傷、擦傷或燒傷的人，若接觸到受污染的水或土壤，應儘快以沖洗清潔。
並列摘要
Melioidosis, which is infection with the gram-negative bacterium (Burkholderia pseudomallei). Recent reports confirm that it is endemic in Taiwan, but the true incidence is unknown. Melioidosis is presently a public health concern because it is most common in diabetes mellitus or immunocompromised hosts. The organism enters the body through wounds infected by contaminated soil or inhalation of dust. Melioidosis is characterised by formation of abscesses, especially in the lungs, liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and prostate. Melioidosis is usually suspected based on the patient's history, especially travel, occupational exposure. Diagnosis still relies on culture. Ceftazidime is the treatment of choice for severe septic elioidosis, Maintenance antibiotic treatment is with a four-drug regimen of chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or with amoxicillin-clavulanate in children and pregnant women. Prevention requires prompt cleansing of scrapes, burns, or other open wounds in areas where the disease is common.