裝潢木工業噪音暴露危害評估

背景：裝潢木工長時間暴露於噪音作業環境，其聽力損失情形值得評估。方法與對象：本研究分別於台灣北、中、南三區招募裝潢木工為研究對象，一共收案133位。研究對象須填寫一份問卷，其內容包含基本人口學資料、生活習慣、疾病史、工作史及目前工作概況等項目，並配合區域與個人噪音量測，以及接受純音聽力評估。研究結果以描述性統計、線性迴歸進行比較分析。結果：多數受訪對象認為粉塵、噪音為主要工作暴露，但很少人使用防護具。區域及個人噪音量測結果顯示，八小時平均音壓級超過法定85 dBA的情形約佔三分之一，說明工作場所的噪音強度確實不低。聽力評估結果以年齡區分比較，大於50歲以上的聽力閾值高於其他年齡層，尤其在2,000 Hz頻率以上的聽力損失特別顯著。線性迴歸分析結果證實，年資與劣耳聽力評估指標之聽力閾值呈現正相關(p ＜ 0.001)，菸酒習慣也與高頻三分法之聽力閾值呈現正相關(p = 0.005)。與1997年我國勞工聽力常模值比較，本研究裝潢木工之數據與噪音作業接近，應視為噪音作業勞工。結論：裝潢木工聽力閾值隨年齡增長而升高，尤其在高頻區段更為顯著；菸酒習慣可使聽力損失更形惡化。

關鍵字

裝潢木工；噪音；聽力損失；年齡；抽菸；飲酒

並列摘要

Background: Woodworkers are exposed to noise during the work, and the hearing impairment needs attention. Methods and Material: Total of 133 decoration workers were recruited from northern, central and southern Taiwan. Each subject was requested to fill out a questionnaire consisting of demographic data, habits, disease record and work history. worked with regional and personal noise measurements, and accepted pure-tone audiometry. All collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Results: Most of the subjects considered dust and noise to be major occupational exposure, but few used protection gears. The regional and personal noise measurements indicate that the percentages of the 8-hour time-weighted averages exceeding 85 dBA were approximately one third, suggesting the working environment with high noises. The hearing threshold for 50 years or older was higher than that for other age groups, especially in frequencies higher than 2000 Hz. The regression analysis shows statistical significance for the associations between employment year and hearing loss (p ＜ 0.001), and also between smoking/alcohol drinking and hearing loss in high frequencies (p = 0.005). As compared with the 1997 national report, the woodworkers’ hearing thresholds were close to that of workers in noisy environments. Conclusion: Decoration workers’ hearing thresholds increased with age, especially in high frequencies. Smoking and alcohol drinking may have worsened the hearing loss.

並列關鍵字

woodworker ； noise ； hearing loss ； age ； smoking ； alcohol drinking

國際替代計量

裝潢木工業噪音暴露危害評估

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