從芬蘭職業安全衛生制度發展趨勢談我國之展望

Review of Finnish Occupational Safety and Health System and Prospects for Taiwan

王映權(Ying-Chuan Wang) ； 江慧琳(Hui-Lin Chiang) ； 王志嘉(Chih-Chia Wang) ； 賴錦皇(Ching-Huang Lai) ； 陳永煌(Yung-Hwang Chen) ； 劉紹興(Saou-Hsing Liou)

《中華職業醫學雜誌》 24卷3期 (2017/07) Pp. 183-190

摘要

芬蘭於職業安全衛生的領域不論在研究與服務上皆可謂世界上首屈一指，除民族性與文化背景使然，亦歸功於其有穩固的法規面為基礎，進而能建構完善的社會福利政策，並且能夠從雇主及員工的立場推行各項政策，自然風行草偃、上行下效，使國家發展得以永續經營。我們雖無法將芬蘭制度完全複製，社會氣質與文化也非短時間能夠養成，但我們仍然能從芬蘭經驗中汲取適合台灣文化的資訊。本文探討芬蘭職業安全衛生制度成功的原因並提出本國現況的討論，期望政府能重視目前台灣職業健康服務的困境，建議政府應規劃良好保護制度、充分資源及預算給健康服務提供者(機構與醫師)，讓健康服務提供者可以組成涵蓋各個領域的職業健康服務團隊，使健康服務執行起來更為專業且有效率，若無完善規劃恐讓服務提供者陷入過勞及面臨雇主將工安責任轉嫁到健康服務提供者身上的危機。期望政府/職業健康服務提供者、雇主、員工都能夠重視職業安全衛生，彼此合作使國家以及工作生活更美好，達到三贏的狀態。

關鍵字

芬蘭 ； 職業安全衛生 ； 職業健康服務 ； 職業健康 ； 訴訟替代解決制度

並列摘要

Finland arguably has the most advanced occupational safety and health (OSH) system in the world. It could be credited with their nationality and cultural background. Furthermore, they have a firm legal base, long traditions in negotiating occupational health and safety matters between social partners, have enabled systematic continuing development of OSH in Finland. This system could not be fully replicated in our country because many different social nature and culture. However, we still could learn about something from Finnish system. This article analyzed the reasons for the success through developing the OSH system in Finland and discussed our weaknesses in this field. We hope that government could pay highly attention to the current difficult position of the OSH development in Taiwan, planning a well-organized system with adequate budget supplying sufficient resources to the health service provider (including institutions and physicians). In this manner, the health service provider could form a multi-professional team consists of different professionals to make their services much more professional and efficient. We're afraid of threats to physicians due to overwork and shift off employers' responsibility. We are looking forward to government/ the health service provider, employers, and employees attaching great importance to OSH which could make our country and working life better to achieve a win-win-win situation.

並列關鍵字

Finland ； occupational safety and health ； occupational health services ； occupational health ； alternative dispute resolution