船艦上的人體承受垂向爆震之生物動態響應

Biodynamic Response of Shipboard Human Body to Vertical Shock Motion

梁卓中(C. C . Liang) ； 鄧作樑(T. L. Teng) ； 江基風(C. F. Chang) ； 余慶雲(C. Y. Yu)

《中國造船暨輪機工程學刊》 22卷2期 (2003/05) Pp. 73-86

https://doi.org/10.29982/JTSNAME.200305.0003

摘要

水下爆震具有在瞬間産生極高加速度之特性，可能造成船艦結構的損壞或船上人員的損傷。自二次世界大戰以來，水下爆震對船艦結構及裝備的影響即爲一項積極研究之領域，但水下爆震對人體生物動態反應方面之研究則十分稀少。本文以船艦在垂向爆震運動下人體之生物動態響應爲研究對象，應用集中質量參數系統配合實驗所得數據建構人體數學模型，並先以Liu[1]於1998年之活體墜落試驗的結果驗證本文方法之可靠性；其次進行船艦座椅上之人體不同爆震強度下，即龍骨爆震因子(keel Shock Factor,KSF)KSF=0.2,0.6,1.0時之生物動態響應分析，同時參考常用之損傷標准如美國政府頒布之機動車輛安全標准FMVSS 208、美國政府頒布之人類頭部損傷標准HIC等，進行損傷程度的評估。由模擬所得之響應曲線可知在人體對於船艦衝擊移動所造成的響應特性，與結構直接接觸的部份（如骨盆）要比其他的部分（如頭部）的損傷更大。此外，在KSF=0.2~0.6之間，人體尚無損傷産生；但當KSF=1.0時，骨盆則可能産生破裂。本文之研究方法與結果希能提供船艦設計與船艦上官兵於爆震下之生物動態響應研究之參考。

關鍵字

人體模型 ； 船艦座椅 ； 爆震 ； 生物動態響應

並列摘要

Underwater shock produces extremely high acceleration, and results in damage of shipboard equipments and severe human injuries. The damaging effects of underwater shock on ship structures and equipments have, therefore, attracted a great deal of interest since World War II. However, research on the biodynamic response of hum030-an body subjected to underwater shock is still limited. This paper proposed a shock-structure-human model to study the biodynamic response of a shipboard sitting person subject under vertical motion induced by underwater shock. First, the human body is modeled as lumped-stiffness-damper system with biomechanical parameters obtained from dynamic tensile tests. Numerical results for the model are verified by living drop test (Liu et al., 1998). The simulation of sitting subject on shipboard structure under different shock intensity is, then, carried out to reveal the dynamic characteristics of human body. Furthermore, the injury criteria such as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 208, and Head Injury Criteria (HIC), etc, are taken into consideration to facilitate the injury assessment. From the simulation results, the part in direct contact with shipboard structure (such as pelvis) is much more vulnerable than others (such as head). Both structural damping and stiffness have more influence on the peak load acting on pelvis than that of on others. These results will be employed as a useful reference for the study of biodynamic response of shipboard human body in the further.

並列關鍵字

Human Model ； Shock ； Vibration ； Numerical Analysis