The Conjugate Gradient Method (CGM) with adjoint equations was applied to an inverse force vibration problem to simultaneously estimate the unknown time-dependent stiffness coefficients (or spring constants) in a multiple-degree-of-freedom system by using the simulated measured system displacement. The numerical experiments were performed to show the validity of the present algorithm by using different types of stiffness coefficients and measurement errors. Results have shown that the excellent estimations on the time-dependent spring constants can be obtained simultaneously with any arbitrary initial guesses within a very short CPU time on a Pentium III-500 MHz PC.