中高齡退休生涯規劃與影響因素之研究

A Study on Determinants of Retirement Planning for the Older Workers

薛承秦(Cherng-Tay Hsueh) ； 曾敏傑(Min-Chieh Tseng)

《勞資關係論叢》 11期 (2002/11) Pp. 33-67

https://doi.org/10.29902/JCSTVS.200211.0002

摘要

本研究採用配額抽樣法調查台灣地區四十五歲以上中高齡就業者1,123人，分析目前在職之中高齡者對於未來的退休規劃，包括預期工作型態與生活狀況等。研究發現中高齡退休後規劃繼續全職工作者僅佔5%，但約有四分之一未來退休後選擇兼職工作，而選擇義務工作則約達四成，顯示中高齡退休後豐富的人力可與非營利部門的發展作適當的結合；而對於退休後之預期生活狀況，約有四成認為生活會變差，甚至有約5%認為生活將有困難，顯示未來政府對於老人的經濟安全保障應逐步加強。
經採用多變項邏輯迴歸模型分析中高齡者退休後生活型態與生活狀況，發現女性、教育程度高、或受僱於政府者，其退休後較傾向於選擇從事「義務工作」，而低教育程度者傾向「兼職」或「不再工作」，非政府工作者則傾向「全職」或「兼職」；至於每月支出、省籍差異、和婚姻狀況等變項，並不能有效解釋中高齡者退休後工作型態。而有關預期未來生活狀況的分析，則發現性別、教育、工作、與支出之影響並不顯著，唯有「配偶不在」才會傾向於認為生活會變差；另外值得重視的是，具有男性、外省、與「沒有退休金」等特質之中高齡者者，其退休後相對較有可能面臨生活困難。

關鍵字

中高齡勞動力 ； 退休規劃 ； 社會政策

並列摘要

Using a sample of 1,123 workers whose age is greater than 45, the major purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of expected career planning and life condition after retirement. The results indicate that only 5% of older workers decide to apply full-time jobs after retirement, that about 25% older workers prefer part-time jobs, and that 40% older workers commit to voluntary jobs. It seems that retired labor forces might be a significant source to the need of non-profit sectors.
The results of multi-nominal logit analysis show that female workers, well-educated workers, and government employees tend to choose voluntary job once retirement. Meanwhile, less-educated workers tend not to work anymore or to work at the part-time base. However, non-government employees tend to work again either at the full-time or part-time base. The findings also indicate that male workers, mainlanders, and workers without retirement package tend to be pessimistic toward their retirement life.

並列關鍵字

older labor forces ； retirement plan ； social policy