Asperisporium caricae (Speg) Maubl.引起之木瓜黑點病

Papaya Black Spot caused by Asperiporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl.

黃□昌(Tze-Chung Huang)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 1輯 (1987/06) Pp. 111-124

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.198706.0111

摘要

木瓜黑點病以往在本省尚無發生之報告，該病首先於1980年12月間在台東地區被發現，隨後迅遠蔓延，其病原經鑑定為Asperisporium carica (Speg.) Maubl，屬不完全菌，胞柄約43－46x6－10μ，胞子橢圓、卵圓或倒洋梨形，典型者有0～2隔膜，3隔膜者亦偶爾可見，胞子表面粗糙，大小約14－26x8－12μ。本病主要發生於涼冷、潮濕的季節與環境，因此，平地於2至4月為發生之高峰，在山區，本病發生較早，而以12至翌年2月發生最嚴重。本病病菌之胞子於10～30℃間均能發芽，而以24℃為最適溫，相對濕度愈高胞子發芽愈好，尤其是在水中。供試炭素源中馬鈴薯六炭醣溶液、澱粉及葡萄醣最有利於其胞子發芽，木醣則可抑制之，供試氮素源中以甘氨酸及硫酸氨最有利其胞子發芽。本病病菌可經由葉片上、下二面侵入感染，而於葉背產生直徑1～3公厘之不規則小黑點。田間防治試驗發現，以免賴得加夏油（Scalcin）、甲基鋅乃浦加夏油（Scalicin）、免賴丹、快得保淨、或錳乃浦噴洒葉片，都可有效防治本病。

關鍵字

木瓜 ； 黑點病菌

並列摘要

Papaya black spot was a newly-dicovered disease in Taiwan. It was first found in Taitung district in Dec, 1980, and became widespread pretty soon. Its pathogen was identified as Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) Maubl. Belonging to Fungi Imperfecti, it has a conidiophore size of 43-46x6-10 μ, and conidial size of 14-26x8-12 μ, with ellipsoid, fusiform, or pyriform shape. The surface of conidium is rough, and it commonly has 0-2 transversa septa, sometimes 3. The disease commonly occurred in cool, humid season or environment. In flat areas, it reached climax during February to April, and reached climax during December to February of next year in mountaineous areas. The conidium of A. caricae could germinate between 10-30 °C, with optimum at 24 °C, and its germination was positively related to the relative humidity, reaching climax in water. Patato dextrose broth, starch, glucose were the most favorable carbon sources for its germination, and xylose could inhibit it. Glycine, and ammonia sulfate were the most favorable nitrogen sources for its germination. The pathogen could infect the leaf of papaya through epidermis of both sides, and irregular black spots , with 1-3mm of diameter, were formed on the under side of leaf. In the field test, spraying Benlate plus Scalcin (summer oil). Antracol plus Scalcin, Benlate-C. Topsin-M Do, or Maneb on the leaf has proven to be effective for the control of black spot.

並列關鍵字

papaya ； Asperisporium caricae