肥培管理及施用石灰資材對坡地小米產量之影響

為探討小米合理、經濟之肥培管理及施用石灰資材對其產量之效應，乃自1989年秋作至1992年春作分別在臺東縣海端鄉之山坡地（麥氏座標078451）設置本試驗。試區土壤屬片岩沖積土，瑞穗（Js）土系，坋質壤土，FCC分類為LGa。土壤原為強酸性，經施用石灰質材料（矽酸爐渣）3噸/公頃後，pH值明顯升高，第一作（施用當期作）增加了0.4～0.6個單位，而第二作為殘效觀察，僅增加約0.2個單位，此外施矽酸爐渣區之土壤氧化鈣、氧化鎂及矽酸含量明顯增加，春作殘效亦同。矽酸爐渣之施用對產量有增產效果，第一作產量明顯增加（1989年秋作約31%；1992年春作約12%）；第二作殘效觀察，效果不很明顯（1990年僅增產約7%）。肥料效果亦相當明顯，三要素增施區產量均比中量區明顯增加；氮肥減施區於生育期即明顯看出缺乏症狀，比推荐量區減產約10～25%，而磷、鉀肥減施區之產量與中量區差異較不明顯，尤其當施用矽酸爐渣改善土壤之酸性、增進土壤中養分之有效性後，氮肥減施區仍顯不足，而磷、鉀肥減施區仍有相當量之增產，可酌予減少磷、鉀肥之施用量。在三要素的推薦上，純就增產觀點來看，三要素增施50%試區較佳，但是氮肥增施區可能導致倒伏，因此氮肥仍以本試驗之推薦量N-P2O5-K2O=100-75-75Kg/ha為宜。

關鍵字

小米；石灰；肥培管理

並列摘要

This trial was conducted on slope land (strong acid, silt loam, Schist Alluvial soils) from fall of 1989 to spring of 1990. The objective of this experiment is to find out the reasonable fertilization and the effect of liming on the yield of foxtail millet.The soil pH values were rised about 0.4-0.6 units, and Ca, Mg, Si in soil also increased and enchance 31% (fall crop 1989) and 12% (spring 1992) more In yield after silicate slag was applied. It seems as if it was better to last for the second crop in 1990 spring but not obviously in yield (increase 7% only).The yield was decreased by 13% (fall 1989), 25% (spring 1990), and 10% (spring 1992) in -50% N treatment, as compared with the recommended treatment (Control), and then the treatment of + 50% N increased 20-33%. The treatment of + 50% P and + 50% K increased yields by 11-29% and 23-38%. The yield of - 50% P and 50% K fertilizer treatments were not significent different from control.It is concluded that the silicate slag can rise soil pH value and improve nutrients availability in acid soils. The maintenance of high yield under 50% reduction in K fertilizer, might be attributed to the existence of Ca in applied silicate slag, which can promote K use of crops.

並列關鍵字

Foxtail millet ； Liming ； Fertilizing management

國際替代計量

肥培管理及施用石灰資材對坡地小米產量之影響

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