臺東地區水稻徒長病之發病率調查與防治技術改進

Survey of Bakanae Disease Incidence of Rice Plants in Taitung Area and the Improvement of Its Control Measures

朱盛祺(Sheng-Chi Chu) ； 蔣夢心(Meng-Sin Jiang) ； 陳致延(Chih-Yean Chan) ； 黃□昌(Tze-Chung Huang)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 20輯 (2010/04) Pp. 57-69

https://doi.org/10.6959/RBTDAIS.201004.0057

摘要

水稻徒長病由病原真菌Gibberella fujikuroi所引起，近幾年來臺東地區發生逐年嚴重，主要種植品種高雄139號及臺稉2號，田間罹病率超過10%；稻種帶菌是本病最重要的初次感染源，本（98）年度進行檢測臺東地區稻種，發現帶菌情形普遍而嚴重。選種罹病率低的品種並使用健康稻種，再配合有效的稻種消毒則是防治徒長病的首要措施。稻種消毒試驗顯示：以62.5%賽普護汰寧水分散性粒劑1,000倍、25.9%得克利水基乳劑2,000倍、25%撲克拉乳劑1,000倍或80%得恩地可濕性粉劑600倍浸種24小時後催芽，對稻苗徒長病的防治效果最突出；有機或傳統水稻育苗亦可採用熱水浸種處理，本研究顯示，以60℃浸泡10分鐘或62℃浸泡6分鐘的條件，對稻苗徒長病也都有優異的防治效果。為預防水稻日益嚴重，有關本病的病害發生生態、病原菌偵測技術、強化健康種苗生產體系及選育優良抗病品種，是今後重要的研究課題。

關鍵字

水稻徒長病 ； 稻種消毒 ； 賽普護汰寧 ； 得克利 ； 撲克拉 ； 得恩地 ； 熱水浸種

並列摘要

The bakanae disease of rice plants caused by Gibberella fujikuroi has commonly occurred in Taiwan in recent years, particularly in the districts of Taitung and Hualien. The average disease severity in rice paddy of Kaohsiung NO.139 and Taikeng No.2, the most widely planted cultivars in these areas, was higher than 10%. Infested seed has been proved to be the major primary inoculum source. The infestation of rice seeds by the pathogen was common and serious according to the investigation conducted in Taitung area in 2009. Different measures of seed treatment were conducted to compare their efficacy for controllingbakanae and phytotoxocity on rice seedlings. The results of various trials showed that soakingthe intact rice seeds with 62.5% cyprodinil + fludioxonil WG 1,000x, 25.9% tebuconazoleEW 2,000x, 25% prochloraz EC 1000x or 80% thiram WP 1,000x for 24hrs significantlyreduced the occurrence of the disease without phytotoxicity. Tha results of this study showedthat hot water soaking of rice seeds with 60°C for 10 minutes or 62°C for 6 minutes alsoresultedin satisfactory efficacy on the control of bakanae disese of rice seedlings. They can beadopted in both organic and traditional farming of paddy rice for the production of healthyseedlings. For the prevention of worsening adverse effect of bakanae disease on riceproduction in Taiwan, the following aspects are recommended to be implemented: strengthening the research of the ecology of the pathogen and disease, developing detection technique for seeds-borne and soil-borne pathogens, establishing an effective seed certification system to ensure the production of healthy rice seeds, and breeding of high quality rice cultivars resistant to bakanae disease.

並列關鍵字

Rice bakanae disease ； Seed treatment ； Cyprodinil + fludioxonil ； Tebuconazole ； Prochloraz ； thiram ； Hot water treatment