以貯藏後花粉授粉對鳳梨釋迦果實品質之影響

The Effect of Pollination with Stored Pollen on the Fruit Quality of Atemoya (Annona Squamosa x Annona Cherimola hybirds)

陳筱鈞(Hsiao-Chun Chen)

《臺東區農業改良場研究彙報》 32輯 (2022/07) Pp. 15-31

摘要

本研究將番荔枝花粉以不同型態（含母體、花藥）及不同溫度（4°C、10°C）貯藏，調查花粉的活力變化及授粉後對鳳梨釋迦著果率與果實品質之影響。花粉體外萌芽率檢測結果顯示，含母體貯藏花粉較適合以10°C保存，而以花藥型態貯藏之花粉，4°C能有效延長活力。鳳梨釋迦之著果率受花粉萌芽率影響程度較小，含母體10°C貯藏之花粉，第7天的體外萌芽率為27.3%，不及新鮮花粉57.3%之二分之一，但兩者間著果率無顯著差異；而以花藥型態在4°C貯藏之花粉，第3天之體外萌芽率僅10.7%，著果率仍可達98.1%。果實品質受花粉新鮮度的影響較大，單果重會隨花粉貯藏天數增加而明顯下降，對稱指數則持續偏離1，含母體10°C貯藏者，單果重於第3天起顯著下降；而以花藥4°C貯藏者，單果重則貯藏1天就與新鮮花粉有顯著差異。導致果實品質降低之原因，貯藏前期可能與種子數下降及單粒種子重減輕有關，貯藏後期則包含果肉率下降之因素。建議應用時，含母體10°C貯藏之花粉勿超過3天，以花藥型態4°C貯藏之花粉勿超過1天，花粉品質較佳，可兼顧著果率及果實品質。

關鍵字

番荔枝 ； 含母體花粉 ； 著果率 ； 果實組成 ； 果實對稱指數

並列摘要

Extending the pollen viability and maintaining the efficiency of hand-pollination are important in production of atemoya fruit. In this study, the pollen of sugar apple was stored in different forms (e.g. maternal tissue and anthers) and at different temperature (4°C and 10°C) to investigate the change of pollen viability and the effect on fruit set rate and fruit quality of atemoya. The in-vitro pollen germination test showed that pollen within maternal tissue form stored at 10°C was higher among all treatments, while the pollen collected from anthers was able to prolong the pollen viability effectively when stored at 4°C. Fruit set rate was less affected by pollen viability. When pollen within maternal tissue form was stored at 10°C for seven days, the in-vitro germination rate was 27.3%, which was less than fresh pollen (57.3%), but the fruit set rate had no significant difference. The in-vitro germination rate of pollen collected from anthers form at 4°C was only 10.7% when it was stored for three days, but the fruit set rate was 98.1%. Fruit quality was significantly affected by the freshness of pollen. The increase of the pollen storage days significantly caused the reduction of fruit weight, and the deviation of fruit symmetry index. The fruit weight of pollen within maternal tissue form stored at 10°C decreased significantly from the 3rd storage day, and the fruit weight of pollen collected from anthers stored at 4°C for one day was significant lower than zero day storage. The decrease of fruit quality is related to the decrease of seed number and single seed weight when stored pollen was used in the early storage period. However, the late storage period may cause the decrease of flesh rate. Thus, it is recommend that either pollen within maternal tissue form stored at 10°C for three days, or the pollen collected from anther stored at 4°C for one day are used to ensure the fruit set rate as well as fruit quality.

並列關鍵字

Sugar apple ； Pollen within maternal tissue ； Fruit set rate ； Fruit composition ； Fruit symmetry index