- 期刊
國際法律規範的認知與評價：現實主義的觀點
The Perception and Appraisal of International Legal Norms: A Realist View
摘要
國際關係在客觀上所呈現出的無政府狀態並不等同於混亂和無序。國家所生存的國際社會在事實上是一個自助與合作並存，權力與法律相輔且互為制約的結構。因此，國際關係理論的研究者應如何解釋國際法律規範對於國際政治的影響，遂成為理論研究的一項重點。本文以現實主義作為切入點，探討與評析該理論對於國際法律規範的認知和評價。基於現實主義並非單一的理論而是為一研究典範，故本文在內容上分別從古典現實主義、結構現實主義（包括守勢與攻勢兩種現實主義）、新古典現實主義，以及較為一般人忽略的英國學派等現實主義理論的派別中去探討國際法律規範在國際政治中的地位及功能。結論指出，長期以來人們對於現實主義的理解受限於權力政治這樣的標籤，從而視現實主義與國際制度或國際法為水火而不相容！但事實上，採用現實主義理解國際關係，不意謂著就必須對國際法持以否定的態度。毋寧，在現實主義與國際法律規範之間，存在的不是一種絕對的互斥關係。非結構理論型的現實主義，如古典現實主義，對於國際法即是採取正面肯定其功能的態度。
並列摘要
The anarchy in the international relations is not equal to chaos and disorder. In fact, the community where states exist is a mixture of self-help and cooperation, a competition and complementation between power and law. For this reason, how to understand and explain the implication of international legal norms is the main focus for scholars. This article relies on the realist international relation theory to deliberate and analyze international legal norms. Realism is not a single theory but a research paradigm, the content of this essay is an investigation of the different schools of Realism which are Classical Realism, Structural Realism (including Offensive and Defensive Realism), Neoclassical Realism and Realism in English School. As the conclusion points out, those who has limited their understanding of realism to power politics usually think that the international institutions or international law is incompatible with Realism. However, it is not absolutely necessary for us to consider that Realism turns down international law. For instance, realism without using structural theory, such as Classical Realism, takes the positive attitude toward the role and the functions of international legal norms.