快速反應部隊的理念與實踐：「歐盟快速反應部隊」與「北約反應部隊」之初探

The Concept and the Practice of Rapid Reaction Force: A Preliminary Analysis of "European Union Rapid Reaction Force" and "NATO Response Force"

姜家雄(Alex Chiang) ； 楊仕樂(Shih-Yueh Yang)

《國際關係學報》 20期 (2005/07) Pp. 15-56

https://doi.org/10.30413/TJIR.200507_(20).0001

摘要

本文討論快速反應部隊的理念與實踐，後冷戰時期新安全威脅的特性，凸顯成立快速反應部隊的必要性。藉由比較歐洲聯盟的「歐盟快速反應部隊」與北大西洋公約組織的「北約反應部隊」之組成、任務、編裝與進度，以分析其所遭遇的問題，並檢視其未來的展望。本文發現，經過1990年代的調適，「歐盟快速反應部隊」與「北約反應部隊」的成立，確實是歐盟與北約國家為因應後冷戰時期不同的衝突型態，維持全球的穩定與安全的具體作為。然而從目前的發展來看，「歐盟快速反應部隊」與「北約反應部隊」的未來仍充滿挑戰，歐洲與美國必須先在歐盟與北約兩個架構之間化解可能摩擦與分工的問題，而歐盟國家的軍力也遠遠落後於美國，無法獨立承擔高強度的戰鬥任務。此外，不僅歐盟與北約各國現階段的戰略運輸能力都無法達成快速反應的要求，快速反應在本質上更受到「重量」與「戰力」兩個矛盾因素的拉扯而進退兩難，徹底解決之道唯有擴充戰略空運能力一途，但無論是歐盟或北約各國都沒有展現出這種企圖。因此，「歐盟快速反應部隊」與「北約反應部隊」若要發揮功能，仍需要歐盟與北約各國持續的努力。

關鍵字

快速反應部隊 ； 歐洲聯盟 ； 北大西洋公約組織 ； 歐盟快速反應部隊 ； 北約快速反應部隊

並列摘要

New security challenges in the Post Cold War era, necessitate the development of rapid reaction force. This article takes the European Union (EU)'s European Union Rapid Reaction Force (EURRF) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)'s NATO Response Force (NRF) as concrete cases to examine origins, missions, force structures, and also problems and prospects of these two multilateral rapid reaction forces. Although the establishment of EURRF and NRF is a major accomplishment of the EU and the NATO to take on the responsibilities of providing security and stability for the global community, but they still have considerable problems and limits. The EU is currently incapable for independent high-density combat missions and must rely on the US, thus the EU and the US-lead NATO must first overcome their institutional frictions and disagreements between their members. Furthermore, both the strategic airlift fleets of the EU and the NATO are insufficient to implement rapid deployment operations, and rapid reaction force itself cannot escape from the dilemma between weight and combat effectiveness. The only way out is to increase the strategic airlift fleets with substantial numbers, but neither EU nor NATO members show such inclination. To succeed, EURRF and NRF still need more efforts from the EU and the NATO.

並列關鍵字

rapid reaction force ； European Union ； North Atlantic Treaty Organization ； European Union Rapid Reaction Force ； NATO Response Force

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