試論《洛陽名園記》之花卉意象與造景美學

李格非撰《洛陽名園記》凡十九處，這些名園為當時洛陽名公卿、富豪之園林及寺園。他作《洛陽名園記》時論曰：「洛陽之盛衰者，天下治亂之候也。……。園圃之廢興，洛陽盛衰之侯也，且天下之治亂，候於洛陽之盛衰，而知洛陽之盛衰，候於園圃之興廢而得。」可以看出歷史興衰，朝代更迭，滄海桑田之感慨。而洛陽之盛衰是侯於園圃之興廢。中國古代構成園林的主要元素，譬如花草、喬木、石景、假山、蜿蜒小徑、亭、閣樓、湖、流泉等等，此物象形成了園林意境之美。在《洛陽名園記》十九處園林中，構成園林之元素物象，其中之花卉如牡丹、芍藥、梅、桃、李、杏、菊、蓮、竹……等等，常為詩人寫於詩詞之中。《洛陽名園記》中造景之意境美，是宋人對園林美的一種時尚喜好，由此可探析宋代對園林造景的美學觀。

關鍵字

洛陽名園記；園林；牡丹意象；梅意象；菊意象

並列摘要

Li Ge Fei wrote, ＂Luoyang Garden mind＂ at the total of 19, which was the name of the park and gardens Luoyang famous Lords Regal Park and Temple. He said that writing ＂Luoyang name Park Ji＂ is: ＂Rise and Fall of Luoyang, knows when the world order or disorder of the Feixing ...... garden, when the rise and fall of Luoyang, and the world of combat confusion, is that the rise and fall of Luoyang, conceivable. the rise and fall of Luoyang, that's Rise and Fall garden can be learned＂. You can see the history of the rise and fall of emotion, dynasties, the marshes. The Rise and Fall of Luoyang Rise and Fall Hou Yu garden. Constitute the main elements of the ancient Chinese gardens, such as flowers, trees, rock formations, rockery, winding trails, pavilions, Loft, Lake, genial, and so, this garden images formed a conception of beauty. In the ＂Luoyang name Park Ji＂ nineteen gardens, gardens of the constituent elements of images, both of which flowers such as peonies, peony, plum, peach, plum, apricot, chrysanthemum, lotus, bamboo ...... and so on, often for the poet to write in poetry being. ＂Luoyang name Park Ji＂ mood landscape beauty, beauty is the Song of the garden a fashion preferences, which can be of the Song of the Landscape Aesthetics.