English Idioms of Anger: A Case Study of Metaphor and Metonymy

本文旨在探討當代英語中表達怒氣之習語固有的隱喻與轉喻概念。文中運用雷可夫的認知觀與方法來解析一九九八年出版之《劍橋國際習語辭典》中所有的表達怒氣之英語習語。結果有兩項主要的發現。第一，大體而言，表達怒氣之英語習語乃因隱喻或轉喻概念而生。然而相關之雷可夫概念模式只能說明大約一半表達怒氣之英語習語，因此本文另行推斷出六項隱喻或轉喻之概念模式以補足雷可夫用於說明怒氣之概念模式。第二，就表達怒氣之英語習語而言，因果轉喻是嚴具生產力之概念模式。原因代表結果、結果代表原因之轉喻顯示出概括性的轉喻概念模式之雙向特色。

關鍵字

英語習語；怒氣；隱喻；轉喻；雷可夫認知觀

並列摘要

This paper is intended to examine metaphors and metonymies for anger inherent in contemporary English idioms. The analysis is done in terms of the Lakovian approach on a corpus of all the anger idioms in Cambridge International Dictionary of Idiom (1998). Two major findings are procured. First, while English idioms of anger are generally motivated by underlying metaphors or metonymies, the pertinent Lakovian patterns can account for barely half of the anger idioms in the corpus. Thus in this paper six additional metaphors or metonymies are extrapolated to supplement the Lakovian patterns. Second, causality metonymy is by far the most productive model that English idioms of anger reflect. The effect-for-cause and cause-for-effect metonymies present the two-way feature of a general metonymical pattern.