《文心．封禪》與《文選》符命的文類省思：以歷史文化的考察為主

《文心》與《文選》為同代之作，但《文心》〈封禪篇〉的代表作《文選》同樣選錄，卻納入「符命」這一文類下。由於「封禪」是帝王受命登基，祭天祀神的大典，故類此文章的出現與歷史文化背景息息相關。本文即由此切入，探討〈封禪〉、「符命」文類的形成、標目、作者寫作動機、文本序、文類次序的編排等，和其與歷史文化情境間的相互關係。以為〈封禪〉、「符命」一類文章與文類類目的出現，和古代文士將封禪視為歷史大事，欲附驥尾以獲永世不朽的文名有關。而《文心．封禪》中的作品，《文選》改以「符命」標目的背後，實則暗寓貶意。

關鍵字

文心雕龍；昭明文選；封禪；符命；文類

並列摘要

”Wen-Xin-Diao-Luong” and ”Zhao-Ming-Wen-Xuan” are books of the same generation. The representative articles of ”Feng-Shan” chapter in ”Wen-Xin-Diao-Luong”, also be elected into ”Zhao-Ming-Wen-Xuan”, but were called as ”Fu-ming”. ”Feng-Shan” was considered as the most important ritual when the emperor ascended the throne and offered sacrifices to God on the mountain. Therefore, ”Feng-Shan” articles being written out, and are closely related and historical and cultural background. This study observed from ”Feng-Shan” of the historical context and cultural angles,to explore on the formation of literary genres, heading, the author's motives, foreword, order of the genre choreography and which's relationship. I think that ancient writers looking forward to writing ”Feng-Shan” for a class of articles, can get excellent reputation. But when ”Feng-Shan” genre of articles have been changed to ”Feng-shan” genre, implying that editing is bad for the works of evaluation.