運動技能學習的階段與過程

The Process and Stages of Learning a Skill

簡曜輝(Iau-Hoei Chien)

《體育學報》 2期 (1980/12) Pp. 107-120

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0002.198012.1509

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to discuss what theories and models of behavior are, how they contribute to our knowledge, they have been derived, and the process of learning a skill. As it has been noticed, the trend in theories and models development associated with motor skills has indicated less reliance on association model and more dependence on adaptive, communication, and control models to describe the nature of skill acquisition.
The process of learning a skill was arbitrary divided into three phases which are similar to Fitt's cognitive, fixation, and autonomous phases. Phase Ⅰ involves the formation of the executive program and the learning of the sequence of subroutines required in the task. Phase Ⅱ includes meaning-full practice with appropriate feedback, and temporal patterning of the subroutines. During this phase, feedback provides error information. Future modification of responses depends upon knowledge of errors. Teachers can serve as one source of feedback if they develop a discriminatory eye for detecting errors in sequential and/or temporal patterning. Automatic phase of learning comes gradually. It takes may many years of practice to actually perfect a sequential movement pattern.
Man was reviewed as a single channel information processing system. He receives information and makes decision which are translated into observable action, The information presented in this study offers some insight into the complexity involved in this process of learning and/or acquiring skill.