走步動作轉變成跑步動作時下肢和骨盤之運動學變化分析

林寶城 ； 王金成

《體育學報》 15期 (1993/07) Pp. 205-224

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0015.199307.2114

摘要

本研究是研究人體走步動作轉變成跑步動作時，下肢以及骨盤之運動學變化。初步研究時隨機採用八十位男女性受試者，年齡層20～25歲，每位受試者平均腿長為85.38公分，標準差為4.48公分於原地跑步機上測定走步轉變跑步之臨界速度值，測試結果發現，從走步轉變成跑步之前一階段，受試者的身體軀幹與各肢段有明顯的不穩定狀態產生，直到走步轉變成跑步（臨界速度約為1.794±0.162公尺／秒）後再轉變成為另一種形式的穩定狀態。從初步的研究作定質的觀察分析後，再進一步的作定量的正式研究分析，正式研究時隨機從初測的樣本中抽取六位男女受試者，使用QUINTON TREADMILL及KINEMETRIX 3D MOTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM，先於每位受試者之髖關節、膝關節、踝關節、蹠趾關節以及骨盤後兩側貼上紅外線高感應球，並測定紅外線攝影機之光圈、焦距、及參考點和感應度後，使受試者於原地跑步機上行走五分鐘以適應跑步機之狀況後開始施測，研究結果發現：走步動作轉變成跑步動作時，雖然表面動作有很大的差異，各肢段的變化卻是緩和漸進的並不像表面的變化一樣，此階段走步步態動作的支撐期時間縮短，雙足站立期消失，擺動期出現一段飛程，骨盤的位移、及加速度隨走步動作轉變成跑步動作有明顯的變化。本研究建議應後續研究此階段上肢提供的功能，以及地面反作用力型態，更應深入去研究足部的內外轉及内外翻的問題。

並列摘要

This research studies the kinematics changes in the lower extremities and pelvises of human bodies at the transformation from the motion of walking to running. At the primary research, eighty male and female examinees, At the primary research, eighty male and female examiness, At the age ranging from 20-25, with the means lengths of legs of 85.38cm, and the stander deviation of 4.48cm,were taken at random, On the treadmill, they were tested for the critical velocity value of the transformation from walking to running, with the result discovering that there was an unstable situation stage of the transformation from walking to running untill walking transformation into running, (with the critical velocity at 1.794±0.162m/sec), and then it would turn into another from of stable situation, after the observation and analysis of the qualitive at the primary research, there was a further formal research and analysis of fixed amount which, at random, took six male and female examinees from the primary samoles, using QUINTON TREADMILL and KINEMATRIX 3D MOTIONANALYSIS SYSSTEM. Frist of all, the INFRAREDRAY HIGHT SENSITIVITY BALL were attached to the joints of hip, knees, ankles, toes, and the two sides behind the pelvises of the examinees, and after the shutter, focus, reference points, and height sensitivty of INFRARED-RAY camera were tested, the examinees were ordered to walk on the treadmill for five minutes to get used to the situation of the treadmill, which proceded the beginning of the test, the result of the research discovered that at the transformation from the motion of walking to running, although there were distinctive differences between the external motions, the changes of all limbs, unlike the external motions, were moderate and gradual, at this stage, the support time of walking motion was shortended, the period of the standing of two feet disappeared, and a section of flying appeared in the period of shiping. There were distinctive changes in the transposition and acceleration of the pelvises with the transformation from the motion of walking to running. This research suggests that there be a continued research on the function provided by upper extremities in the period, the style of reaction force on the ground, and even a further research on the problem inward with outward and pronation with supination of feet.