訊息處理模式在運動表現的應用

The Application of Information Processing Model in Athletic Performance

溫卓謀(Julmen W.)

《體育學報》 19期 (1995/08) Pp. 195-206

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0019.199508.1717

摘要

行為和表現是個體和情境互動的產物，人的反應則來自個體如何知覺並解釋情境。訊息處理模式的理論依據，是假設人類處理外界刺激的過程類似電腦的功能；強調人類的動作行為，係經由感覺器官得到刺激，輸送至中樞神經加以處理，經過判斷及決策之後，才能付諸行動。個體從訊息的偵察到動作的執行，在中樞神經所進行的是對訊息予以連續且系統化的處理流程。在這處理流程中，Schmidt(1988)認為應包括「刺激確認」、「反應選擇」和「反應計劃」三個階段。透過訊息處理模式的探討，經過歸納，得到以下四點增進運動表現的策略：一、調整理想的激發水準，善用感官的線索；二、轉換注意的焦點，改造狀態性意識；三、培養「預期」的觀念；四、運用情境編碼的原理並建立廣泛的基礎經驗。

關鍵字

訊息處理模式 ； 刺激 ； 反應 ； 運動表現

並列摘要

Behavior and performance are the results of a person reacting to his environment. His response demonstrates how he senses and interprets his surrounding. The theory of Information Processing Model supposes that the process of managing outside stimulation for human beings resembles a computer in function. It's main point is that human being stake reactions after his senses receive stimulation and transfer the stimulation to the nerve center for further management. From the reception of stimulation to the execution of action, a continuous and systematic management is processing in the nerve center. Schmidt (1988) thinks that this process includes three phases: the stimulus-identification stage, the response-selection stage and the response-programing stage. The discussion on the Information Processing Model helps us to come up with the following 4 strategies to improve our athletic performance:

並列關鍵字

information processing model