接球動作型式的環境限制變項探討

在勤作發展的研究中，傅统的觀念係将工作分析定義為：鑑别動作成分並且以由簡而繁由易而難的原则加以排序的處理程序，此種定義的缺點是只重视工作的特徵，而忽略了動作表现者本身的特質。為了解决傅统觀點所面臨的問题以及克服其缺點，强调整體考量的生態工作分析因而應運而生，生態工作分析的重點在於人的動作表现並非僅受限於動作者本身，而是由其與環境限制舆工作限制等三者之間的交互作用而產生。本研究的問题是：環境燮数造成的限制封動作型式的影馨為何？根據動態系统的觀點，動作型式將因環境因素之難度不同而產生改變，亦即環境限制的難度越低，動作型式會越高階；反之難度越高，则動作型式會退化為较低階的層次。本研究以14名國小二年级男性學童病為實驗参加者，分别錄影其個别接四撞不同直径（7、 17、 27、 37公分）但重量相同（500士10公克）的球各5次之動作，经評分者信度考验（評分者間信度為87%~91%；评分者内信度為93%~95%) ，然俊再经重覆量数單因子變異数分析，以瞭解其動作型式之層次，是否會因所接球體的大小不同而產生改變。结果發现在接難度较高的球峙，其動作型式的層次明顯低於接大小较適中的球時之動作型式，這與本實验之假說相符，且支持動態系统的觀點。

關鍵字

接的動作型式；生態工作分析；動作發展；環境賦使

並列摘要

In motor development researches, traditional task analysis was defined as the process of identifying movement components and the sequencing of these components from easy to difficult levels. This definition emphasized the task characteristics but not the environmental and movement performer's characteristics. Ecological task analysis, which holistically considers the interactions of environmental, performer, and task constraints, was invented to resolve these disadvantages. The question asked in this study was: Will the movement pattern be affected by the environmental constraint variable. According to the dynamical systems’ perspectives, it was predicted that the movement patterns changes in a non-linear way, with the negative relationship between degrees of environment constraint and levels movement components. Fourteen 8-year-old participants were video-taped as they attempted to catch four different sizes of balls (diameter: 7, 17, 27, and 37 cm; weight: 500 ± 10 g), which were tossed directly toward their center of trunk. Descriptive analysis and repeated measure ANOVA indicated that the size of ball impacted the changes of catching pattern. The findings of this investigation was further discussed in terms of dynamical systems’ theoretical concept on the changes of movement patterns.

並列關鍵字

Catching pattern ； Ecological task analysis ； Motor development ； Affordance

被引用紀錄

陳朱祥、曾明生、林靜萍（2019）。動作教育課程介入對國小二年級學童粗大動作技能表現之研究。淡江體育學刊，(22)，16-29。https://doi.org/10.6976/TJPE.201911_(22).0002

黃嘉君、許皓鈞、劉佳哲（2023）。以行動本位量數檢證網球底線擊球之行動特定效應。體育學報，56(1)，91-106。https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.202303_56(1).0006

蘇育賢、張智惠（2021）。行動潛能影響個體的知覺與實際接發球能力。大專體育學刊，23(1)，29-41。https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202103_23(1).0003

林耀豐（2002）。工作限制下技能水準差異和訓練對網球正手拍技能表現的影響〔博士論文，國立臺灣師範大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-2603200719130215

Peng, W. G. W. (2002). 晚期兒童之環境知覺與踢球動作支撐腳參數：身體比率 [master's thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. Airiti Library. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0021-1904200714244680

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接球動作型式的環境限制變項探討

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