納許（J.B. Nash, 1886-1965）的休閒思想

Recreation Thought of J.B. Nash (1886-1965)

許光麃(Kuang-Piao Hsu)

《體育學報》 28期 (2000/03) Pp. 163-172

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0028.200003.4016

摘要

本研究的目的，在於考察納許生平與休閒思想之淵源，其次分析納許休閒思想之內涵，最後探討納許休閒思想之影響。乃蒐集納許的相關文獻，經過閱讀、整理、分析、詮釋與批判，其研究結果歸納如下：
一、 納許休閒思想主要源於歐洲自然體育，在奧柏林學院（Oberlin College）期間，透過漢娜（D. Hanna）習得哲學及社會學轉化為休閒思想的啟迪，由於長期跟隨赫瑟林頓（C.W. Hetherington）耳濡目染遊戲理論之精華，並間接吸收古力克（L.H. Gulick）的遊戲與休閒觀點，以及伍德（T.D. Wood）的「新體育」，轉而導入其休閒的理論。
二、 納許的休閒思想內涵，主要強調從小發展休閒技能及態度，應提供良好的休閒學習環境，引導終身享受休閒的習慣。
三、 至於納許休閒思想之影響，在於充實近代美國休閒理論貢獻卓著，更加強美國人終身休閒參與的理念，亦提供豐富休閒理論為後進研究者援引之依據。

關鍵字

納許 ； 休閒 ； 閒暇 ； 思想

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to study Nash’s living history and generation of his natural recreation idea. Then analyze the contents of his thought, assess and discuss the influences of his recreation thoughts to the modern society. This study adopted the method of historical study, first, collected Nash’s books and publications, then supplemented by the writings of him by other people. Through reading, abstracting, analyzing, interpretation, and translating, finally reduced them to the followings:
1. Nash’s recreation idea originated from European natural physical education. During the Oberlin College period, through D. Hanna he learned philosophy and sociology that gave him enlightening idea of recreation. Because of long period of association with C.W. Hetherington he absorbed the essence of the theory of games and plays. In addition indirectly absorbed the view points of games and recreation by L.H. Gulick, and also the new physical education idea of T.D. Wood, and transformed them into his thought of recreation.
2. Contents of Nash’s thought: Main emphasis is that skill and attitude toward recreation as well as life long recreation goals should be developed at young age. The recreation is identified as a link of education chains that provide good recreation and study environment to let people get used to enjoy life-long recreation.
3. As to the contribution or influences of Nash’s recreational thought, it is apparent that his contribution to modern America has been excellent. His thought has also provided a lots of recreational arguments for the future researcher to explore.

並列關鍵字

Nash ； J.B. ； recreation ； leisure ； thought

參考文獻

Brightbill, C.K.(1961).Man and Leisure: A Philosophy of Recreation.

Edginton, C.R.(1980).Recreation and Leisure Programming: A Guide for the Professional.

Fain, G.S.(1991).Leisure and Ethics.

Freeman, W.H.(1992).Physical Education and Sport in a Changing Society.

Gerber, E.W.(1971).Innovator and Institutions in Physical Education.