我國大專柔道選手心理競技能力契合度之研究

Psychological Competitive Abilities of College Player in Judo: A Study of Congruence Theory

黃國恩(Kuo-En Huang)

《體育學報》 31期 (2001/09) Pp. 193-205

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.0031.200109.5618

摘要

本研究的目的在探討我國大專柔道選手心理競技能力實際表現和所期望的心理能力是什麼？受試者是以參加八十七學年度全國大專盃柔道錦標賽的學校為主，共計有十六所大專校院男生239名、女生97位合計336位柔道選手為受試對象。研究工具是依據莊仲仁等人（1995，1996，1998）所編製的「心理競技能力量表」（PCAS），一共選擇54題所編制而成。施測後經因素分析（factor analysis）處理，本研究結果發現：1.心理競技能力量表包括：(1)團隊精神、(2)決策判斷、(3)超越企圖、(4)求勝意志、(5)自我控制、(6)意象模擬、(7)平常心境、(8)競賽意念、(9)自我激勵等九個因素，總共可解釋66.56﹪的反應總變異量。2.不同性別的選手只有在決策判斷、自我控制及意象模擬等三種因素的差距達到顯著水準。3.不同訓練年數的選手在團隊精神、決策判斷、超越企圖、自我控制、意象模擬及自我激勵等六個因素的差距上均具有顯著的差異。4.不同段別的選手在團隊精神、決策判斷、超越企圖、求勝意志、自我控制、意象模擬、競賽意念及自我激勵等八種因素的差距上達到顯著水準。5.不同參賽經驗的選手在團隊精神、決策判斷、超越企圖、自我控制、意象模擬、競賽意念及自我激勵等七種因素的差距上達到顯著水準。最後，為使本研究更落實在教練訓練上之應用，並做區域分析（zone analysis）指出哪些心理能力是柔道選手最期望獲得的？哪些心理能力是較為缺乏要優先補足的。並同時討論如何提昇柔道選手在參與競技時的心理品質。

關鍵字

大專柔道選手 ； 心理競技能力 ； 契合度

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to understand psychological competitive abilities of college player in Judo, and to examine the gaps of performance and expectation in psychological competitive abilities. Data was from 16 college consisting of 239 males and 97 females. The questionnaire was designed from Chuang's (1998) Psychological Competitive Abilities Scale (PCAS) and modified into 54 items. The obtained data were analyzed by the factor analysis. The following were found under this study: 1.PCAS included 9 factors: (1)spiritual (2)decision making (3)transcend intention (4) strive for victory (5)self-control (6)imagery (7)ordinary attitude (8)competitive thoughtness (9)self-encourage. Total explained variances were 66.56%. 2.Different genders had significant differences on decision making, self-control, and imagery. 3.Different training years of players had significant different on spiritual, decision making, transcend intention, self-control, imagery, and self-encourage. 4.Different grade level of players had significant different on spiritual, decision making, transcend intention, strive for victory, self-control, imagery, competitive thoughtness, and self-encourage were significant. 5.Significant difference in spiritual, decision making, transcend intention, self-control, imagery, competitive thoughtness, and self-encourage were found in players with different competitive experiences. Finally, in order to put this research into practice, the author used zone-analysis to indicate the psychological competitive abilities that college players in Judo expected to get and pressingly need, How to improve the psychological quality of college players in Judo when attending competition were also discussed in this paper.

並列關鍵字

college player in Judo ； psychological competitive abilities ； Congruence Theory

參考文獻

Cheng, B. S.,Wu, C. Y.,Hsu, W. L.,CC.,Chuang, C. J.(2000).An application of Moment of Truth (MOT) on semiconductor equipment purchasing.Technical Report Prepared for Applied Material Taiwan Ltd.(Technical Report Prepared for Applied Material Taiwan Ltd).,未出版.

Chuang, C. J.,Cheng, B.S.,Jen, K.K.(1996).Customer Satisfaction and benchmarking.Technical Report prepared for Philips Asia Pacific Region.(Technical Report prepared for Philips Asia Pacific Region).,未出版.

Chuang, C. J.,Cheng, B.S.,Yeh. Y.Y.,Jen, K.K.(1995).Value employee:The concept and measurement.Technical Report prepared for Philips.(Technical Report prepared for Philips).,未出版.

Chuang, C. J.,Cheng, B.S.,Yeh. Y.Y.,Jen, K.K.(1997).Technical Report prepared for Philips Taiwan Ltd..(Technical Report prepared for Philips Taiwan Ltd.).,未出版.

Gary Player(1995).Fit for Golf.