不同知覺管道對運動技能學習之影響

Effects of Different Perception on Motor Learning

鄭光志(Kuang-Chih Cheng) ； 劉有德(Yeou-Teh Liu)

《體育學報》 40卷3期 (2007/09) Pp. 89-99

https://doi.org/10.6222/pej.4003.200709.1108

摘要

Motor learning is a process associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement (Schmidt & Lee, 1999). Perception and action are mutually influenced. Purposes: To compare the effects of visual perception and auditory perception on motor learning and to examine the kinematic characteristics of bouncing a ball in virtual condition. Methods: Using computer simulation to interact with human movement to study the effect of vision and audition on learning. Sixteen undergraduate students were assigned to either vision or audition group. Participants practiced 5 trials of the virtual hitting task a day for 8 days followed by 2 days' transfer test where both visual and auditory information were provided. A 2 (vision and audition group) x 3 (the first two days, the 7th and the 8th days, and the 9th and 10th days) mixed design ANOVA on the number of hit was used to analyze the effects of the perceptual modes and learning. Results: Effects of perceptual mode, practice block and the interaction of the two are all significant (p＜.05). The simple main effect shows that there is a significant difference between visual and auditory groups. Post hoc analyses show that for the vision group, the first block is significantly different from the second and the transfer block; for the auditory group, only the first block is significantly different from the transfer test. Conclusion: Visual information appears to be more useful than auditory information in learning the virtual hitting task. The kinematics data indicates that the performance is more stable when the bat shows negative acceleration at the impact point which is similar to hitting the real ball in the natural environment.

關鍵字

運動學習 ； 知覺與行動 ； 虛擬實境 ； 視覺 ； 聽覺

並列摘要

Motor learning is a process associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for movement (Schmidt & Lee, 1999). Perception and action are mutually influenced. Purposes: To compare the effects of visual perception and auditory perception on motor learning and to examine the kinematic characteristics of bouncing a ball in virtual condition. Methods: Using computer simulation to interact with human movement to study the effect of vision and audition on learning. Sixteen undergraduate students were assigned to either vision or audition group. Participants practiced 5 trials of the virtual hitting task a day for 8 days followed by 2 days' transfer test where both visual and auditory information were provided. A 2 (vision and audition group) x 3 (the first two days, the 7th and the 8th days, and the 9th and 10th days) mixed design ANOVA on the number of hit was used to analyze the effects of the perceptual modes and learning. Results: Effects of perceptual mode, practice block and the interaction of the two are all significant (p＜.05). The simple main effect shows that there is a significant difference between visual and auditory groups. Post hoc analyses show that for the vision group, the first block is significantly different from the second and the transfer block; for the auditory group, only the first block is significantly different from the transfer test. Conclusion: Visual information appears to be more useful than auditory information in learning the virtual hitting task. The kinematics data indicates that the performance is more stable when the bat shows negative acceleration at the impact point which is similar to hitting the real ball in the natural environment.

並列關鍵字

motor learning ； perception and action ； virtual reality ； vision ； audition

參考文獻

廖庭儀(2003)。自然回饋強度對運動技能學習曲線結構之影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學。

Sternad, D.,Duarte, M.,Katsumata, H.,Schaal, S.(2001).Bouncing a ball: Tuning into dynamic stability.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.27,1163-1184.

Michaels, C. F.,Carello, M. C.(1981).Direct perception.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.

Lee, D. N.,Aronson, E.(1974).Visual proprioceptive control of standing in human infants.Perception and Psychophysics.15,529-532.

Schmidt, R. A.,Lee, T. D.(1999).Motor control and learning: A behavioral emphasis.Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics.