不穩定表面結合震動訓練對競技體操選手空翻、落地和神經肌肉表現之影響

緒論：2020東京奧運唐嘉鴻選手破臺灣紀錄獲得全能第七名，主要透過運科輔助來提升下肢空翻與落地水準。有鑑於專業選手成果，本研究亦採用8週不穩定表面結合震動訓練（結合訓練）介入其中，探討專業體操選手空翻、落地表現與肌肉活化之影響。方法：招募16名大專男子競技體操選手，隨機配對分成8名結合訓練組和8名震動訓練組，皆介入8週，每週3次，每次進行十組，每組訓練60秒。兩組於訓練前、4週後、8週後皆進行空翻、落地測驗和肌肉活化檢測。以混合設計二因子變異數統計分析進行比較（α = .05）。結果：空翻表現，結合訓練組於4週和8週後，起跳力量、發力率和空翻高度顯著優於前測，起跳力量和空翻高度顯著優於震動訓練組；肌肉活化發現，結合訓練組經8週後，內側腓腸肌、股內側肌和股外側肌顯著優於前測。落地和肌肉活化表現都無任何顯著差異之情形。結論：4週和8週之結合訓練能有效提高體操選手下肢神經肌肉活化程度，而利於提升空翻表現；4週和8週之結合訓練無法改善落地和肌肉活化表現，建議未來研究應在無侷限的訓練場地上進行空翻動作落地，找出關鍵數據指標，以利於解決實務訓練上的問題。

關鍵字

前空翻；後空翻；一公尺落地；二公尺落地；運動表現

並列摘要

Introduction: At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Tang Chia-Hung broke the Taiwan record and won the seventh place in all-around. He mainly used the assistance of sport sciences to improve the level of lower limbs in somersaults and landing. In view of the achievements of professional athletes, this study used 8-weeks intervention using unstable surface combined with vibration training (combined-training) to discuss the effects of somersaults, landing performance and muscle activation in professional gymnasts. Methods: 16 junior college male gymnasts were recruited and randomly divided into 8 combined-training groups and 8 vibration-training groups. All interventions were performed for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, with ten groups each time, and each group was trained for 60 seconds. Both groups performed somersaults, landing tests and muscle activation tests before, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after training. The collected data were analyzed by mixed-design two ways ANOVA. (α = .05). Results: In somersault performance, combined-training group after 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the take-off strength, RFD and somersault height were significantly better than the pre-test, and the take-off strength and somersault height were significantly better than the vibration-training group; muscle activation found that the combined-training group after 8 weeks, the medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis were significantly better than the pre-test. There were no significant differences in landing and muscle activation performance. Conclusion: The combined training of 4 weeks and 8 weeks can effectively improve the neuromuscular activation of the lower limbs of gymnasts, which is beneficial to improve the performance of somersaults; the combined training of 4 weeks and 8 weeks cannot improve the performance of landing and muscle activation. It is suggested that future research should perform somersaults on unrestricted training grounds, and find out key data indicators to help solve problems in practical training.

並列關鍵字

front somersault ； back somersault ； one-meter landing ； two-meter landing ； athletic performance

參考文獻

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