五國營造工程職業災害防止策略之比較

Analysis of Construction Accident Prevention Strategy of Major Industrial Countries

林楨中(Chen-Chung Lin) ； 陳彥翰(Yen-Han Chen)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 16卷2期 (2008/06) Pp. 135-151

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.200806.0135

摘要

營造作業環境的高開放性與高危險性，導致各國的營造職災發生率相較於其他行業皆高出許多，而英國、日本、美國、澳洲等先進國家，卻能夠保持相當彽的職災發生率，顯然這些國家應有相當完善的營造防災機制，值得我國參考與學習。因此本研究就我國、英國、日本、美國，與澳洲之營造安全法規及檢查制度、營造安全輔導及教育訓練，與營造公共工程防災機制，進行比較及探討，以提供我國營造工程防災之借鏡與參考。
本研究發現：(1)就營造法規及檢查制度而言，釐清並規範業主、工程規劃設計單位及施工單位的安全職責，有助於強化工程施工安全「源流管理」的概念，防範職災於未然；(2)就營造輔導及教育訓練而言，結合民間安全衛生訓練單位，妥為規劃營造安全衛生輔導訓練教材，或籌設專業性的營造安全衛生輔導團體，可有效協助政府改善營造事業單位的工安問題，並提升營造教育訓練的質及量；(3)在公共工程防災機制方面，我國可參考先進國家的做法，透過營造發包選商的程序，篩選具備優良風險管理及安全施工能力的承包商，以加強營造工程生命週期各階段的檢查與稽核。本研究成果可提供我國政府對各國營造工程職災防止機制有更具體的瞭解，並據以擬定相關的營造防災政策，從而提升我國營造業的施工品質，降低營造職災發生率。

關鍵字

營造安全 ； 職業災害 ； 防災機制

並列摘要

Construction sites are hazardous working environments, and accident rates in the construction industry are higher than those of other industries in most countries. This study compares the accident prevention strategies of the construction industry in Taiwan with those in England, Japan, America, and Australia, which have lower accident rates than most other countries. This study compares the construction safety codes, safety management methods, training and education, and public construction accident prevention strategies of these five countries to find a better solution for accident prevention.
The main results of this study are: (1) Construction safety and inspection codes with rules about the safety responsibilities of the clients, designer, and construction firm are useful for clarifying the safety management obligations of each party and improving safety management performance. (2) In terms of guidance and education, cooperation between the government and private education and training organizations in planning educational materials for construction health and safety helps establish the professional construction health and safety education system. These actions can directly improve the performance and quality of the safety education of construction enterprises. (3) Regarding accident prevention strategies in public construction, the selection of contractors with safety risk management capabilities during the project tendering stage is helpful for project safety management, inspections, and auditing. These results suggest effective management strategies for preventing construction accidents in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Construction safety ； Occupational accidents ； Accident prevention

參考文獻

Labour and Welfare