高科技職場壓力風險評估之研究

A Study of Stress Risk Evaluation at High-Tech Workplace

吳佳蓉(Chia-Rung Wu) ； 劉美蘭(Mei-Lan Liu) ； 陳俊瑜(Chun-Yu Chen) ； 徐儆暉(Jin-Huei Hsu)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 20卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 295-325

https://doi.org/10.7005/JOSH.201209.0295

摘要

職場壓力不僅對員工個人有影響，同時也對組織的發展影響甚大，目前國內職場壓力管理著重於員工自身行為的改變，較少有企業重視組織改變之行動。一個不健全的職場壓力管理環境，不僅會使員工產生身心不健康、欠缺積極的工作動力以及品質的降低等負面影響，甚至造成組織因員工的高流動率所產生的招募及訓練人員額外付出的成本花費。基於目前國內對職場壓力管理均著眼在個人行為的因應策略，較少以職場環境觀點來評估及探討職場壓力的成因，本研究透過職場壓力風險管理問卷探析對組織及員工的影響後果，首先探析高科技產業職場壓力風險因子之管控情況，其次則是分別探析職場壓力風險因子管控對組織面（組織健康、組織安全績效）及個人面（職場疲勞）等之影響，最後探討職場壓力風險因子、職場疲勞與組織健康之相關情形。職場壓力風險因子量表及問卷係採用勞工安全衛生研究所編制之量表及問卷。本研究為橫斷性研究，以高科技產業三家廠商員工為研究對象;受測對象包含有新竹科學園區、內湖科學園區、台南科學園區，共計三家廠商發出440份問卷，總計有效回收問卷數392份，有效回收率達91.8%。將回收的問卷進行描述性分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析，及皮爾森積差相關分析等。本研究結果顯示（1）高科產業人員在整體職場壓力方面，在要求因子平均得分2.86，是所有職場壓力因子中控制最差，是造成職場工作壓力的主要的壓力來源。（2）未婚者在控制因素管控程度較差，而年資在未滿4年者之員工在要求、控制、變革、支持因素等職場壓力明顯高於其它年資的人員。（3）年資在10（含）以上之員工感受在同事支持因子之壓力風險控管較差。（4）職場壓力結果之分析方面結果顯示，女性、未婚、年資未滿1年、年齡未滿30歲之員工、現場幹部對組織安全績效感受均顯著較低。（5）組織健康方面分析結果顯示，未婚者、年齡未滿30歲之員工、年資未1年的員工組織健康因素的感受均顯著較低。

關鍵字

職場壓力 ； 組織健康 ； 組織安全績效 ； 職場疲勞

並列摘要

Workplace stress affects not only individual workers but also organizational development. Currently in Taiwan, workplace stress management focuses more on the behavioral changes of individual workers, and fewer enterprises have addressed actions of organizational changes. An unhealthy workplace stress management environment will generate such negative impacts as follows: it affects workers' physical and mental health, causes the lack of active motivation in working, and lowers product quality. It also incurs additional cost of recruiting and training personnel due to employees' high mobility. At present, the focus of workplace stress management remains more on personal behavior's response strategies than using a perspective of workplace environment evaluation to investigate the causes of the stress. This study adopts questionnaires to investigate the impacts of workplace stress risk management on organizations and individual workers. It first addresses the management of stress risk factors, than discusses how it affects organizations (organizational health, performance of organizational safety) and individuals (workplace fatigue). Finally the study investigates the correlation among stress risk factors, stress, and organizational safety.This study uses workplace stress risk factors questionnaire created by Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. This is a cross-sectional study, targeting at hi-tech industries in Hsin-Chu, Nei-Hu, and Tai-Nan Science Parks. A total of 440 questionnaires were sent out. Formal survey was conducted in the two-month period between July and August of 2010, a total of 392 questionnaires were returned, with an effective return rate of 91.8%. The returned questionnaires were then analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis, etc.The findings of this study can be summarized as following: (1) on the employees' overall stress, the demanded average factor was 2.86, which was the worst among all the controlled factors, and which was the main source of work stress. (2) Unmarried workers' controlled factor had less controlling degree, and workers with less than four years of experience showed significantly higher stress than other age groups in demand, control, change, and support factors. (3) Workers with more than ten (included) years of experience demonstrated worse controlling degree in stress risk on their coworkers' support. (4) The analysis of workplace stress indicated that female and single workers (plant cadre) with less than one year of experience and under 30 years old showed lower significance in their sense of achievements for organizational safety. (5) The analysis of organizational health indicated that single and less than 30 years old workers with less than one year of experience showed lower significance in organizational health factor.

並列關鍵字

Workplace stress ； Organizational health ； Performance of organizational safety ； Workplace fatigue

參考文獻

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