從《活計檔》看雍正皇帝的宮廷生活

雍正帝(1678-1735)，是清朝入關後的第三位皇帝，在位期間勵精圖治，致力改革，貫徹政令，一掃康熙朝晚年的弊端，爲之後的乾隆盛世奠定穩定的根基。然而，近代學者們的研究，多著重於雍正帝的政績，較少探討他實際的生活面。清宮內務府造辦處的雍正朝《各作成做活計清檔》，記錄大量雍正帝的宮中生活，研究雍正朝活計檔，可發現雍正帝是藝術愛好者，有豐富的藝術涵養，獨特的審美標準和高雅的鑑賞品味。分析檔案，可見雍正帝性格細膩，創意豐富，利用閒暇主導宮廷藝術創作，對活計的品質要求甚高，經常提出修改意見與細節，推敲其因，一方面是藉由宮廷豐富的資源，滿足生活上的享受；另則是興趣使然，喜愛藝術，藉由藝術品調劑繁忙的公務生活。研究雍正朝活計檔，可以認識雍正帝的真實形象，進而探究他的宮中生活。

關鍵字

雍正皇帝；活計；活計檔；西洋工藝；宮廷生活

並列摘要

Yong Zheng (1678-1735) was the 3(superscript 3rd) emperor of Qing Dynasty entering the Central Plain. He strived for the endeavor to manage politics and reform, removed the cancer of the late Kangxi and built the basis of the prosperity of the following Qianlong vigorous governance. However, the recent studies stressed the political achievement and neglected the realistic life. Yong Zheng Dynasty ”Ge Zhuo Cheng Zhuo Huo Jih Ching Dang” pertaining to Construction Section of Qing Palace Inner Affairs recorded a lot of Yong Zheng's life in palace; the study on Yong Zheng Dynasty Huo Jih Dang expressed the artistic preference, rich literacy for arts, unique standard and elegant appreciation taste of Yong Zheng. The analysis of the files indicated the delicate features and abundant creativity of Yong Zheng, who used his private time to direct the art works. He requested high quality of Huo Jih and addressed his opinions and details for revision. The cause might result from his seeking for the enjoyment of life via the rich resources in palace and the interest for art as well; Yong Zheng relieved the busy official life through arts. The study of Yong Zheng Dynasty Huo Jih Dang unfolded the true image of Yong Zheng and inquired his palace life.