日治時期新竹客家街庄招贅婚生子女從姓現象的分析

在臺灣漢人社會，子女一般從父姓。子嗣從母姓（或岳姓）則是招贅婚姻的特徵之一，但並非所有的招贅婚姻中的子嗣都從母姓。因此，研究者企圖探討招贅婚姻夫婦決定子女姓氏的樣態，與其影響因素。本研究以新竹地區四個客家街庄的日治時期戶口調查簿資料為基礎，研究者分析714對在1906-1945年間結婚的招贅婚姻夫婦。資料分析顯示，招贅婚子嗣的從母姓行為有世代與地域差異。其次，招贅婚子女的出生序越高，從母姓的比例越低，且頭二胎的男嗣從母姓的機率較女嗣為高。再者，招贅婚姻確實具有傳宗接代的意涵；以第一胎子嗣的從母姓可能性分析，男嗣較女嗣高。其次，招贅婚婦女若有男性手足，頭胎子女從母姓的機率較低。再以次胎子女從母姓的可能性分析，若頭胎是女嗣，而次胎為男嗣，則次胎從母姓的機率大增。最後，次胎子嗣從母姓的行為與家庭內的勞動力結構有顯著的統計關係。

關鍵字

日治時期；客家街庄；招贅婚姻；子女從姓

並列摘要

In the society of Han Chinese, that children take the surnames of their fathers is a norm. Giving children their mothers' surnames was a custom of uxorilocal marriage. However, not all children of uxorilocal marriage took their mothers' surnames. We therefore are interested in learning how uxorilocal marriage couple surname their children, and what factors would affect the surnaming behaviors. This research will rely on ＂Taiwan Historical Household Registers Database, 1906-1945＂ to study children of 714 uxorilocal couples in 4 Hakka settlements in Xinzhu. The results show that, first, the patterns of surnaming children vary across time and space. Second, birth order and sex of children were associated with the likelihood of taking mothers' surnames. The likelihood of giving children mother's surname de creased with later birth order. A male offspring was more likely to take his mother's surname than his female counterpart. Third, giving children their mothers' surnames may be necessary to maintain the family lineage and/or to guarantee family labor force in the future. We found that the first-born boys were more likely to take mother's last name than girls. When the women of uxorilocal marriage had brothers, the likelihood of their first-born children taking their surnames was low. When the first child was a girl and the second child was a boy, the likelihood of the boy taking mother's last name was high. Finally, the likelihood of the second child was associated with the labor force in a family.