現行高中地理教科書中土壤分類概念之分析

土壤分類在高中地理土壤相關內容中，屬於重要概念之一，然目前鮮有研究分析教材內容，以供教師教學與教材編纂之參考。因此，本研究先透過文獻回顧，探討現代土壤分類名詞與分類系統之發展，以作為後續教材內容比較分析之參照，然後再分析103學年度龍騰、三民、翰林、南一和泰宇等各版本教材內容，結果顯示：(1)新、舊土壤分類名詞混用與不一致；(2)介紹之分類系統多以早期技術期與因子分類系統等為主；(3)均簡化因子分類系統的大土類；(4)土壤類型與相應的化育作用，以氣候-土壤分類系統的基礎概念為準；(5)採用簡化後之假想大陸土壤分布圖，來說明氣候與土壤分布的關係，但教材中並未說明簡化的立論依據。根據分析結果，本研究建議日後在教材修訂上，應盡量採用單一分類系統，使用較具一致性的分類名詞，加強教師手冊等補充資料的彙編，提供完整且正確的土壤分類概念，而課文中所使用之簡化的土壤分類名詞與分類系統，應符合土壤化育理論，另日後土壤地理教材的修訂，亦應盡量結合較新的學術研究成果與思潮。

關鍵字

地理教材；土壤分類；土壤地理；地理教育

並列摘要

Soil classification is a fundamental part of geography textbooks for senior high schools in Taiwan. However, few studies have evaluated the accuracy and consistency of the soil classification schemes presented in these textbooks. This study begins by reviewing the historical development of soil classification science in the 19th century. The historical review contextualizes the terminologies and the theories of soil formation factors and processes, which underpinned soil classification systems. The study then compared soil classifications across five editions of the geography textbooks. The results indicate the following. First, misuse and inconsistency were common in the soil classification terms compiled in these editions of the textbooks. Second, all examined geography textbooks were based on technological or factor-genesis classification systems, which are outdated concepts in soil classification. Third, the soil groups of the factor-genesis soil classification approach were simplified and recategorized into several types. Fourth, the relation between the recategorized soil types and genetic processes were explained using climatic-factor soil classification. Fifth, the global distribution of soil types, categorized by climatic factors, was presented in a simplified chart called the assumed continental distribution of soil groups. Finally, some suggestions were made for modification of the geography textbooks in the future.