大專音樂系學生專業傷害之調查：初步報告

Playing Related Health Problems in Taiwan Music Students: A Preliminary

彭薏雯(I-Wen Penn) ； 孫丕昌(Pi-Chang Sun) ； 張華安(Hwa-Ann Chang) ； 徐道昌(Tao-Chang Hsu)

《中華民國復健醫學會雜誌》 22卷1期 (1994/06) Pp. 105-110

摘要

音樂系學生因長期反覆練習樂器或聲樂，肌肉骨骼系統或發聲器官容易因過度使用〈overuse〉或不當使用(misuse)而產生不適；在漫長訓練過程中，亦需承受競爭及面對舞台與觀眾的壓力，可能造成情緒及生理上的困擾。
本研究之目的是希望藉由問卷調查方式，了解國內大專音樂系學生專業傷害之發生率，如何尋求幫助，同時並描述學生練習之習慣及可能造成傷害之誘因。另外，並藉由對受傷學生之檢查，了解其傷害之本質，以給予適當之診斷及治療。本研究針對190位大專院校音樂系學生做問卷調查，發現97.9%的學生曾經歷與其專業有關之傷害。其中62.1%的學生曾有肌肉骨骼系統傷害，以手部及腕部最多(57.0%)，上臂及前臂次之〈44.7%〉，肩部再次之(39.1%)。71.0%的學生曾有心理或情緒上之困擾，83.7%的學生則有與其專業有關之醫療問題。在傷害發生後，60.4%的學生傾向於自行處理或找老師幫忙，僅有21.6%的學生向西醫求診。在傷害誘因方面，50.0%的學生受傷前正準備考試，48.3%的人正練習較困雜之曲目。在練習習慣方面，學生每週平均練習19.2±14.5小時。其中僅有18.9%的學生練習前有暖身的習慣，而平時有規律運動習慣者亦僅為29.8%。在54位求診學生中，以肌肉骨骼系統傷害最多〈90.5%〉，包括累積性傷害症候群〈25.4%)，肌膜炎症候群〈22.8%)，肌腱炎及腱鞘炎〈22.8%)。
本調查顯示國內大專音樂系學生傷害比例偏高，而大部分傷害若有適當醫療諮詢是可以避兔或減輕的。修害發生後，僅有少數學生得到正確之醫療照顧，缺乏良好之就醫管道。因此，培育診治此類傷害之專業人才及對音樂系學生適當之醫療教育是刻不容緩的。

關鍵字

音樂家 ； 過度使用症候群

並列摘要

Performance-induced injuries among musicians have been concerned by many people in recent years. The purpose of this study was to understand the occurrence and nature of playing related injuries among collegiate music students in Taiwan. The other purposes were to know how they treat their injuries, the predisposing factors of injury, and their practice and health habits.
One hundred and ninty collegiate music students were asked to complete a retrospective survey questionnaire about playing related injuries. 62.1% of the students had experienced musculoskeletal injuries during their music career, with the most frequent affected area as follows: hand and wrist (57.0%), forearm and arm (44.7%), and shoulder (39.1%). 71.0% students had psychological disturbance such as depression and stage fright. 83.7% had other playing related medical problems such as headache and eyeache. 60.4% students tended to help themselves or seek help from their music teachers when an injury occurred, only 21.6% students sought awestern medical doctor. 50% of the injured students were preparing an examination before jnjury occurred, 48.3% were practicing a difficult repertoire. The average practice time was 19.2 hours per week. 18.9% did warm-up exercise before practice. Only 29.8% students exercised regularly. Among the moderately to severely injured students, fifty four received a careful history taking, physical examination and appropriate treatment. The most frequent diagnosis was musculoskeletal injury (90.5%), such as cumulative trauma disorder (25.4%), myofacial pain syndrome (22.8%), tendinitis and tenosynovitis (22.8%).
This study showed that the occurrence of playing related injuries among collegiate music students wasvery common. Most of the injuries could be prevented or reduced to be a minor one if they had proper medical counseling. The need of training a performing arts medicine personnel and educating music students should not be overlooked.

並列關鍵字

musician ； overuse syndrome