台灣地區成年人職業別對體適能的影響

Effects of Occupation on Fitness in Taiwan Adults

胡瀞方(Ching-Fang Hu) ； 傅鐵城(Tieh-Cheng Fu) ； 賴政秀(Cheng-Hsiu Lai) ； 周適偉(Shih-Wei Chou) ； 黃美涓(Alice M. K. Wang) ； 許嘉麟(Chia-Lin Shu)

《台灣復健醫學雜誌》 36卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 137-143

https://doi.org/10.6315/2008.36(3)01

摘要

健康體適能包含身體組成、肌力及肌耐力、柔軟度與心肺耐力等四項基本生理指標。不同的職業間，體適能的需求可能因工作形態、環境等因素影響而有所差異，造成不同職業間體適能表現的相異性。本研究分析探討台灣地區成年人在不同職業別與體適能狀態的影響，希望了解各種職業對體能需求的特性，以便提供個別性的職業體能訓練，減少職業傷害發生。
計劃執行期間自民國91年4月起至同年11月止，檢測對象爲18至49歲之台灣地區國民共32,950名。在同年齡層與同性別的條件下，作職業組間的比較分析。
不同職業別在四項生理指標上均有統計學上差異。學生及教職人員有較低的身體質量指數值，較高的肌耐力與較好的柔軟度。男性學生及教職人員與女性務農工作者及教職人員有較好的心肺適能，而公務人員的心肺適能較差，無職業者的肌耐力較差，而男性公務人員與女性農夫的身體質量指數值則較高。
本研究將年齡、性別分組，比較相同年齡層與性別中，職業別對體適能狀態的影響。發現個人體能狀態在各職業別有明顯的不同。應採取適當介入如運動使各項人體生理功能都能發展均衡，不致於因爲工作型態特殊性，或生活習慣導致身體發展的偏態。

關鍵字

體適能 ； 職業 ； 成年人

並列摘要

Physical fitness is the state of health measured by body composition, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and cardiopulmonary endurance. Occupational difference in physical fitness results in differing physical demands of working environments. This study compared occupational fitness in 32,950 Taiwan adults aging from 18 to 65 years. Volunteers were classified by gender, age and occupation. The purpose of this study was to provide information for physical fitness training.
Statistical differences among various occupations were found by this research. Students, and educational workers had the lowest body mass index as well as the best flexibility and endurance in all analyzed subjects. Male students, male teachers, female agricultural workers and female educational workers had better cardiopulmonary endurance than public sector workers who have poorer endurance.
Unemployed workers had the worst muscular endurance. Male public sector workers and female agricultural workers had the highest body mass index.
Analytic results indicated that workers in various occupations significantly differed in terms of physical fitness. Notably, employment in occupations involving physical labor showed no correlation with improved physical fitness. This might support the importance that physical labor would balance physical functions with exercise to prevent physical dysfunction resulted from particular occupation.

並列關鍵字

physical fitness ； occupation ； adult