影響政府採購決標金額與預算金額比值之因素：運用政府公開大規模資訊

每年政府均編列巨額的預算來進行採購，這對於企業而言是個很大的商機。了解政府採購作業及如何進行投標是個重要的議題。從88年5月27日正式實行政府採購法，政府及社會各界越來越重視採購作業。機關各項業務推展大多是透過採購行為來完成各項施政需要，然而針對中央政府各機關整體採購案件預算金額及決標金額的預測研究卻相當稀少。政府機構大多採用的招標及決標方式為「公開招標，訂有底價，最低標決標」且財政控管嚴謹。各機關及縣市地方政府一般均規定當年度預算執行未達百分之八十時，承辦人員就會受到責罰，故而本研究的研究目的在於探討影響決標比值(以80%為基準)的因素。本研究結合學術及實務探討層面，採用第二代政府電子採購網資訊系統的大規模數據及區別分析來探索影響決標比值的重要因素。以我國各機關100年至102年430369件決標採購案為樣本，實證結果發現季別因素、機關層級、標的性質及金額級距等變數具有顯著性且整體模式具有很高的區別能力。為了進一步驗證本研究的發現，本研究以其他4個不同比值為區別進行分析，結果大致與以80%為基準的研究一致。本研究結果可提供政府機關及廠商在於採購案執行前之參考，此外本研究呼籲政府應該在網路上整合採購案的相關資訊以供廠商及學術界利用公務資訊進行分析。

關鍵字

政府採購；區別分析

並列摘要

Government spends lot of budget each year that become an important issue for firms to understand and learn the government procurement system. Since the implementation of Government Procurement Law at 27 May, 1999, public sectors and private institutes steadily emphasis the procurement operations. Government has to accomplish its political policy through purchasing behavior. The government procurement regulation sets up the lowest bid price as the selection criteria and 80% awarding ratio is used as performance benchmark. However, there is few researches focus on the determinants of awarding ratio. This research aims to evaluate factors that influence the awarding ratio by using large-scale government web data. The governmental data that composes of 430369 procurement cases ranging from 2011 to 2013 is adopted as sample data. Empirical results show that the independent variables, seasonal factor, institute level, budgetary item and budgetary amount have significant influences on the awarding ratio and discriminant analysis has a high distinguish ability. To further verify the findings, four different classification ratios are analyzed and yield consistent results. The findings are useful for the government agencies and private sectors when dealing with procurement cases. This research also appeals that public sector shall try to integrate procurement information for scholars and private sectors.