鮭魚返鄉：玉山下中生農微型農企業創業的責任與動力

返回原鄉發展農業對於土地、部落、環境是極佳的，但微型創業資源不足，農業法規框架太重，創業者缺乏引導，往往導致挫敗。理解原住民返鄉歸農的責任與動力，有助於政府制定相關政策以協助輔導產業發展。本研究旨在探討原住民返鄉歸農獨有「中生農以微型農企業創業學習之歷程與使命覺醒」的內涵，理解激發創業者返鄉在地經營前進之動力，藉由立意取樣個案研究，深度訪談玉山麓微型農企業主，聆聽其創業故事，三角檢核文本意義編錄，理解案主創業脈絡與其間之意涵。本研究分析歸結出台灣農業經營環境挑戰極高，中生世代從農者繼承家業但由於創業期望往往翻轉從零開始，微型家庭農場經營面對人力、法規、通路經營等挫折，中途轉業從農個案先前經驗的轉化將有助於創業職能之學習與發展，新世代轉農之經營者應用網絡與社群學習亦為發展創業職能相當重要的來源。歸農創業歷程受挫甚至影響生計，堅持到底往往靠的是認同，諸如對地方、對有機農業健康價值之認同；承諾相對是責任，創業主主要前進動力亦來自於此。本研究最終歸納出兩項命題：命題1：創業學習歷程修正創業構想與計劃。命題2：中生農返鄉創業之歷程引發使命覺醒。原鄉需要原民，原民回歸，需要能在原生社區中找到機會，創造就業機會，翻轉農業，中年轉業歸農之有效經營策略、職能學習模式，可以鼓勵更多漂游於他鄉之原民，得以返鄉，依著地方政府之共生政策推廣，共締地方農業創生。

關鍵字

原住民；微農企業；創業學習；挫折；地方農業創生

並列摘要

Returning to the indigenous people's land to develop agriculture is a good thing for the land, communities, and environment. However, lack of resources, too much agricultural ordinance from the government, and lack of guidance often make micro-agriculture entrepreneurs feel frustrated. Understanding the responsibilities and motivations of the return of the indigenous people will be helpful to the government for making relevant policies that assist the industry development. This study is to explore the meaning of the context that is unique to the indigenous entrepreneurs, which shows what the learning journey of such an entrepreneur looks like, and what the perceptive missions of these entrepreneurs are. This helps us to understand the motivations of why indigenous entrepreneurs return to their land to run agriculture business. Utilizing purposive sampling, we conducted an in-depth interview with a micro-agricultural entrepreneur at the foot of Yushan and listened to his entrepreneurial story. We use triangulation to analyze the meaning of the interview context of the case subject. This study reveals it is a bit of a challenge considering the agriculture business environment in Taiwan. The middle generation farmers inherit the family farms but they usually have to launch their business from ground zero and start a micro-agriculture family farm. It is not easy for family farm entrepreneurs as there are many barriers in manpower, government regulation, and marketing channels. It is helpful to convert the previous experience for entrepreneur learning. Networking in relevant communities and utilizing social media can also be important resources for developing entrepreneur capabilities. It is very common to see numerous setbacks in the entrepreneur journey. One of the most important driving forces that encourage the entrepreneurs to persist is social identification for their communities, and for their values of organic farming. Commitment to the community is also an obligation that explains the perseverance of the entrepreneurs. Qualitative data analysis results in two propositions: Proposition 1: Entrepreneurship learning process modifies the business ideas and plans; Proposition 2: The journey of returning-home entrepreneur triggers the awareness of their missions. The indigenous communities need indigenous people. In order to summon more indigenous people to return to their land, more opportunities are needed. Creating more job opportunities, turning the industry, assisting people with more effective operating strategies, and equipping them with the capabilities to learn will encourage more indigenous people to go back to their land and create great agriculture community places with the support of local government.