新加坡之中央公積金制度之分析研究－一個全球化體系的觀點

An Analysis of Central Provident Fund of Singapore-A Perspective of Globalization System

陳昱名(Yu-Ming Chen)

《中山人文社會科學期刊》 14卷2期 (2006/12) Pp. 99-132

https://doi.org/10.6749/JSS.200612_14(2).0004

摘要

新加坡是一個經濟高度發展的小卻全球化的經濟體，執政黨人民行動黨和領導人們也以經濟成就為國家發展目標，因此整體國家政策也大多以配合經濟政策為主，自然也包括社會福利政策。然而在經濟全球化的衝擊之下，許多東亞國家都面臨國內勞動者必須和全世界的許多勞工一起爭取工作機會的問題，更產生許多新的風險形式，或使得某些群體的風險增加，使得社會福利體系的建構更形需要，以保障個人、家庭、團體與社區在國際競爭下免於被掠奪的命運。目前新加坡福利政策強調個人責任與國家角色撤退，強調個人工作成就，所得重分配功能又低之社會福利政策，是否能繼續在經濟日漸受全球化影響的時代下，繼續發揮過去社會安定與人民生活保障的功能？是本文所欲探討之重點。
而根據本研究結果發現，經濟全球化的四個趨勢中：1.金融資本移動的全球化、2.國外投資的增長、3.跨國企業規模與數量的增加、4.勞工力量的削弱，都使得新加坡這個全球化經濟體不得不運用國家力量削減人民與社會的需求，增強外資的投入發展經濟競爭力。加以新加坡的「亞洲價值」威權家父長政治的有限民主與由上而下的菁英統治，公民聲音相對弱化，反映在中央公積金這個主要社會政策上，新加坡這個以貿易與外資為經濟命脈的國家裡的社會政策必須為經濟政策服務，甚至是創造一個適合資本家投入資本的社會政策，而不再是以照顧社會弱勢族群與維護社會平等與公民權利為出發的福利政策。而伴隨這樣的現象，對於勞工大眾來說，他們的處境無疑更加艱困，因為全球化固然更促進了新加坡在國際自由貿易與經濟的成長，卻更有助於降低勞動者的工資與福利，也呈現出了國家在人民福利權利保護上的妥協與讓步。

關鍵字

經濟全球化 ； 中央公積金制度 ； 福利意識形態 ； 新自由主義 ； 年金制度 ； 社會福利體制

並列摘要

Singapore is a small and globalized economy, the government and the leaders of Singapore also regard economic achievements as the goal of this country, since that the welfare policies always have to cooperate with economic policies When face the crash effects of economic globalization, many East-Asia Countries have a problem that their labors have to contest for work opportunities with foreign workers This problem makes some new patterns of risks, and increases more risks of some groups So the constitution of welfare system becomes more and more important to protect the individuals, families, groups and communities under globalization.
The welfare policy of Singapore now focuses on duties of individuals, and the role of government is disengaged The policy emphasizes achievements of individuals, and its function of income redistributing is quiet low Does it still work to pacify the society and protect people's living in the era of economic globalization9 That is the key point of this article.
The conclusion of this study shows that the four trends of economic globalization 1. Globalization of financial capital's moving, 2. Growth of international investments, 3. Growth of the scale and scalar of international companies, 4. Weak power of the labors, all make Singapore government use national power to decrease needs and requirements of people and the society, to attract foreign capitals developing economic competence Under authoritarianism and elitism of government, as the main social policy of Singapore CPF, as a country depend on international trade and foreign capitals, social policies always have to service for economic policies, the government even try to create those social policies that would encourage capitalist but no longer to take care of poor peoples and conserve social equality and citizens' rights In this situation, labor's spot become harder and feeblish The trend of globalization promotes the growth of international trade and economy of Singapore, but also seems to decrease compensation and welfare of labors The result also shows Singapore government's temporization and compromise in protecting rights of welfare of citizens.

並列關鍵字

economic globalization ； CPF ； welfare ideology ； neo-liberalism ； pension system ； social welfare regime

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